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10 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what bacteria inhibit cell wall synthesis
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beta lactam ab:
penecillin cephalosporin non-beta-lactam ab: vancomycin bacitracin fosfomycin |
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Narrow spectrum:
Penicillin G Penicillin V |
Penicillin G; Penicillin V
Class: NARROW SPECTRUM beta lactam ab MOA: inhibit peptidoglycan crosslinking, cause autolysis and altered shape Use: G+ cocci (strep, entero - endocarditis)...G- cocci (meningo)... G+ bacilli (clostridia - gas gangrene)... Spirochetes (T. pallidum - syphilis) AE: Hypersensitivity rxn - skin rash, anemia, hepatitis, nephritis Contra: Interaction: degraded by stomach acid... probenecid blocks renal tubular secretion Excretion: renal tubular secretion, short t1/2 Admin: parental - IM/IV oral used for minor outpt infect - pharyngitis |
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Nafcillin (DOC)
Oxacillin Methicillin (no longer used b/c toxicity) |
Nafcillin; Oxacillin
Class: anti-staphlococcal penicillin (penicillinase resistant) MOA: Use: methicillin-sensitive staph aureus - endocarditis, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, toxic shock syndrome, skin/soft tissue infections AE: methicillin - hypersensitivity + nephritis Oxacillin - hepatitis Contra: Interaction: Nafcillin excreted biliary route Admin: parental for serious infections |
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Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
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Amoxicillin-clavulanate (Augmentin)
Class: Extended spectrum penicillin (beta-lactam ab) MOA: protects penicillin from bacterial beta-lactamase, clavulanate has no activity by itself *only active against CLASS A ab* Use: G+ cocci (pneumo, other strep, staph - URI, otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis)......(H. influenza, M. catarrhalis, P. multocida - URI, otitis media) ...Spirochetes (B. burgdorferi - lyme dz) also 4: prophylaxis of bacterial endocarditis, skin/soft tissue infections, bite wound infections. AE: diarrhea, esp with clavulanate... hypersensitivity rxns Contra: not used for cystitis Interaction: Admin: oral |
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what antibiotics are safe in pregnancy
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beta lactam drugs
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Ampicillin
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Ampicillin
Class: Aminopenicillin - Extended spectrum penicillin (beta lactamase ab) MOA: Use: G+ rod (Listeria - meningitis)... enterococci (+aminoglycoside)...G- bacilli - E.coli, P. multocida, Bacterioides (MC anaerobe in gut) also 4: diabetic skin ulcers & bite wound infections (+sulbactam), endocarditis (+ gentamycin if enterococcal), lyme dz AEROBE + ANAEROBE AE: viral infections: maculopapular rash Contra: Interaction: combined with sulbactam, beta lactamase inhibitor Admin: oral or parental (if serious infection) |
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Ticarcillin
Piperacillin |
Ticarcillin, Piperacillin
Class: Antipseudomonal penicillin - extended spectrum penicillin (beta lactam ab) MOA: Use: G- bacilli (P. aeruginosa, E.coli, B. fragilis) also 4: serious infections due to G-rods, intraabdominal infections, sepsis, febrile neutropenia, diabetic foot ulcers + osteomyelitis, lung/liver abcess, pneumonia AEROBE + ANAEROBE AE: hypersensitivity rxn Contra: Interaction: Admin: parental - IV, with clavulanate or tazobactam (betalactamase inhibitors) |
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Carbapenems-
imipenem meropenem irtapenem |
Carbapenem
Class: extended spectrum penecillin MOA: Use: serious infections in hospital pt due to drug resistant G- rods polymicrobial infections (intraabdominal infections due to aerobic and anaerobic bacilli) bactericidal, broad spectrum activity, G+ AE: seizures with high doses Contra: Interaction: imipenem + cilastatin (PRIMAXIM) inhibits metabolism by renal dehydropeptidase Admin: IV |
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Azteronam
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Azteronam
Class: monocyclic beta lactam (monobactam) MOA: Use: aerobic G- rods (+clindamycin for intraabdominal infections) - UTI, gynecologic, skin, lungs AE: Contra: Interaction: does not show cross-sensitivity to penecillins or cephalosporins (use in ppl allergic to those) Admin: |
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what AE do penecillins have
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hypersensitivity - maculopapular rash (ampicillin)... angioedema... anaphylaxis...
diarrhea/pseudomembranous colitis nephritis - esp methicillin neurotoxicity - provoke seizures - intrathecal/high doses - EPILEPTICS @ HIGH RISK hematologic toxicity - decreased agglutination with antipseudomonal penecillins (carbenicillin/ticarcillin) careful with ppl predisposed to hemorrhage/receiving anticoag eosinophilia cation toxicity - sodium excess causes hypokalemia - PREVENT BY USING MOST POTENT AB (LOWER DOSES AND ACCOMPANYING CATIONS) |
