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460 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
+ Nikolsky’s sign.
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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You give someone a blister. That's almost abuse: it's barbaric and "vulgar."
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- Nikolsky’s sign.
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Bullous pemphigoid
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Primarycauses of third-trimester bleeding.
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Placental abruption and placenta previa
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A 10-year-old boy presents with fever, weight loss, and night sweats. Examination shows anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected diagnosis?
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Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma
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A 10-year-old child presents in status epilepticus, but her parents refuse treatment on religious grounds.
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Treat because the disease represents an immediate threat to the child’s life. Then seek a court order
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A 13-year-old male has a history of theft, vandalism, and violence toward family pets.
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Conduct disorder
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A 14-year-old girl presents with prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and with menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT, and increased bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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von Willebrand’s disease; treat with desmopressin, FFP, or cryoprecipitate
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A 15-year-old pregnant girl requires hospitalization for preeclampsia. Should her parents be informed?
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No. Parental consent is not necessary for the medical treatment of pregnant minors
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A 16-year-old presents with an annular patch of alopecia with broken-off, stubby hairs.
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Alopecia areata (autoimmune process)
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A 17-year-old female has left arm paralysis after her boyfriend dies in a car crash. No medical cause is found.
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Conversion disorder
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A 20-year-old man presents with a palpable flank mass and hematuria. Ultrasound shows bilateral enlarged kidneys with cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
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Cerebral berry aneurysms (AD PCKD)
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A 21-year-old male has three months of social withdrawal, worsening grades, flattened affect, and concrete thinking.
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Schizophreniform disorder (diagnosis of schizophrenia requires ≥ 6 months of symptoms)
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A 24-year-old male presents with soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Diagnosis? Workup? Treatment?
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Candidal thrush. Workup should include an HIV test. Treat with nystatin oral suspension
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A 25-year-old African-American male with sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Management of pain crisis?
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O2, analgesia, hydration, and, if severe, transfusion
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A 25-year-old Jewish male presents with pain and watery diarrhea after meals. Exam shows fistulas between the bowel and skin and nodular lesions on his tibias.
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Crohn’s disease
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A 30-year-old woman has unpredictable urine loss. Examination is normal. Medical options?
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Anticholinergics (oxybutynin) or β-adrenergics (metaproterenol) for urge incontinence.
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A 35-year-old male has recurrent episodes of palpitations, diaphoresis, and fear of going crazy.
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Panic disorder
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A 40-year-old obese female with elevated alkaline phosphatase, elevated bilirubin, pruritus, dark urine, and clay-colored stools.
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Biliary tract obstruction
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A 49-year-old male presents with acute-onset flank pain and hematuria.
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Nephrolithiasis
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A 50-year-old male presents with early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Diagnosis?
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CML
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A 50-year-old man with a history of alcohol abuse presents with boring epigastric pain that radiates to the back and is relieved by sitting forward. Management?
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Confirm the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis with elevated amylase and lipase. Make patient NPO and give IV fluids, O2, analgesia, and “tincture of time”
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A 50-year-old woman leaks urine when laughing or coughing. Nonsurgical options?
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Kegel exercises, estrogen, pessaries for stress incontinence
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A 55-year-old man has sudden, excruciating first MTP joint pain after a night of drinking red wine. Diagnosis, workup, and chronic treatment?
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Gout. Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals are seen on joint fluid aspirate. Chronic treatment with allopurinol or probenecid
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A 55-year-old man is diagnosed with prostate cancer. Treatment options?
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Wait, surgical resection, radiation and/or androgen suppression
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A 55-year-old man presents with irritative and obstructive urinary symptoms. Treatment options?
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Likely BPH. Options include no treatment, terazosin, finasteride, or surgical intervention (TURP)
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A 55-year-old man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents with a new cough and flulike symptoms. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram-negative rods. What is the diagnosis?
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Legionella pneumonia
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A 55-year-old obese patient presents with dirty, velvety patches on the back of the neck.
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Acanthosis nigricans. Check fasting blood sugar to rule out diabetes
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A 55-year-old patient presents with acute “broken speech.” What type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution?
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Broca’s aphasia. Frontal lobe, left MCA distribution
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A 60-year-old African-American male presents with bone pain. Workup for multiple myeloma might reveal?
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Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, “punched-out” lesions on x-ray of the skull and long bones
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A “blueberry muffin” rash is characteristic of what congenital infection?
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Rubella
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A burn patient presents with cherry-red flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Treatment?
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Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if severe poisoning or pregnant
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A child has loss of red light reflex. Diagnosis?
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Suspect retinoblastoma
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A condition associated with red “currant-jelly” stools.
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Intussusception
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A congenital heart disease that cause Secondaryhypertension.
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Coarctation of the aorta
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A crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline.
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Subdural hematoma—bridging veins torn
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A doctor refers a patient for an MRI at a facility he/she owns.
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Conflict of interest
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A fall in systolic BP of > 10 mmHg with inspiration.
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Pulsus paradoxus (seen in cardiac tamponade)
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A febrile patient with a history of diabetes presents with a red, swollen, painful lower extremity.
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Cellulitis
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A first-born female who was born in breech position is found to have asymmetric skin folds on her newborn exam. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Developmental dysplasia of the hip. If severe, consider a Pavlik harness to maintain abduction
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A five-month-old girl has decreased head growth, truncal dyscoordination, and decreased social interaction.
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Rett’s disorder
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A four-year-old child presents with oliguria, petechiae, and jaundice following an illness with bloody diarrhea. Most likely diagnosis and cause?
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Hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS) due to E. coli O157:H7
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A history significant for initial altered mental status with an intervening lucid interval. Diagnosis? Most likely etiology? Treatment?
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Epidural hematoma. Middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation
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A homeless child is small for his age and has peeling skin and a swollen belly.
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Kwashiorkor (protein malnutrition)
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A late, life-threatening complication of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).
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Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia)
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A lesion characteristically occurring in a linear pattern in areas where skin comes into contact with clothing or jewelry.
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Contact dermatitis
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A man has repeated, intense urges to rub his body against unsuspecting passengers on a bus.
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Frotteurism (a paraphilia)
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A man unexpectedly flies across the country, takes a new name, and has no memory of his prior life.
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Dissociative fugue
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A middle-aged man presents with acute-onset monoarticular joint pain and bilateral Bell’s palsy. What is the likely diagnosis, and how did he get it? Treatment?
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Lyme disease, Ixodes tick, doxycycline
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A neonate has meconium ileus.
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CF or Hirschsprung’s disease
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A newborn female has continuous “machinery murmur.”
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
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A nonsuppurative complication of streptococcal infection that is not altered by treatment of Primaryinfection.
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Postinfectious glomerulonephritis
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A nurse presents with severe hypoglycemia; blood analysis reveals no elevation in C peptide.
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Factitious disorder (Munchausen syndrome)
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A painful, recurrent vesicular eruption of mucocutaneous surfaces.
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Herpes simplex
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A patient complains of headache, weakness, and polyuria; exam reveals hypertension and tetany. Labs reveals hypernatremia, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis.
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Primaryhyperaldosteronism (due to Conn’s syndrome or bilateral adrenal hyperplasia)
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A patient continues to use cocaine after being in jail, losing his job, and not paying child support.
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Substance abuse
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A patient develops endocarditis three weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?
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S. aureus or S. epidermidis.
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A patient fails to lactate after an emergency C-section with marked blood loss.
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Sheehan’s syndrome (postpartum pituitary necrosis)
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A patient from California or Arizona presents with fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Coccidioidomycosis. Amphotericin B
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A patient has increased vaginal discharge and petechial patches in the upper vagina and cervix.
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Trichomonas vaginitis
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A patient hasn’t slept for days, lost $20,000 gambling, is agitated, and has pressured speech. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Acute mania. Start a mood stabilizer (e.g., lithium)
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A patient presents with pain on passive movement, pallor, poikilothermia, paresthesias, paralysis, and pulselessness. Treatment?
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All-compartment fasciotomy for suspected compartment syndrome
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A patient presents with recent PID with RUQ pain.
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Consider Fitz-Hugh–Curtis syndrome
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A patient presents with signs of hypocalcemia, high phosphorus, and low PTH.
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Hypoparathyroidism
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A patient presents with tachycardia, wild swings in BP, headache, diaphoresis, altered mental status, and a sense of panic.
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Pheochromocytoma
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A patient presents with weakness, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, and new skin pigmentation. Labs show hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. Treatment?
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Primaryadrenal insufficiency (Addison’s disease). Treat with replacement glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and IV fluids
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A patient with a history of lithium use presents with copious amounts of dilute urine.
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Nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)
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A postoperative patient with significant pain presents with hyponatremia and normal volume status.
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SIADH due to stress
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A schizophrenic patient takes haloperidol for one year and develops uncontrollable tongue movements. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Tardive dyskinesia. decreased or discontinue haloperidol and consider another antipsychotic (e.g., risperidone, clozapine)
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A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia patients. Treatment?
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Iron overload; use deferoxamine
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A six-year-old girl presents with a port-wine stain in the V2 distribution as well as with mental retardation, seizures, and leptomeningeal angioma.
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Sturge-Weber syndrome. Treat symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection of affected lobe
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A son asks that his mother not be told about her recently discovered cancer.
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A patient’s family cannot require that a doctor withhold information from the patient
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A tall white male presents with acute shortness of breath. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Spontaneous pneumothorax. Spontaneous regression. Supplemental O2 may be helpful
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A two-month-old presents with nonbilious projectile emesis. What are the appropriate steps in management?
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Correct metabolic abnormalities. Then correct pyloric stenosis with pyloromyotomy
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A violent patient has vertical and horizontal nystagmus.
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Phencyclidine hydrochloride (PCP) intoxication
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A woman who was abused as a child frequently feels outside of or detached from her body.
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Depersonalization disorder
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A young child presents with proximal muscle weakness, waddling gait, and pronounced calf muscles.
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Duchenne muscular dystrophy
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A young patient has angina at rest with ST-segment elevation. Cardiac enzymes are normal.
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Prinzmetal’s angina
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A young patient with a family history of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising.
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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A young weight lifter receives IV haloperidol and complains that his eyes are deviated sideways. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Acute dystonia (oculogyric crisis). Treat with benztropine or diphenhydramine
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Acceptable urine output in a stable patient.
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30 cc/hour
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Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient.
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50 cc/hour
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Acid-base disorder in pulmonary embolism.
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Hypoxia and hypocarbia
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Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women.
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Respiratory alkalosis
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Acute-phase treatment for Kawasaki disease.
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High-dose aspirin for inflammation and fever; IVIG to prevent coronary artery aneurysms
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Administer to a symptomatic patient to diagnose myasthenia gravis.
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Edrophonium
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After a minor fender bender, a man wears a neck brace and requests permanent disability.
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Malingering
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Albuminocytologic dissociation.
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Guillain-Barre (increased protein in CSF with only a modest increased in cell count)
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Amenorrhea, bradycardia, and abnormal body image in a young female.
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Anorexia
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AML subtype associated with DIC.
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M3
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An 11-year-old obese, African-American boy presents with sudden onset of limp. Diagnosis? Workup?
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Slipped capital femoral epiphyses. AP and frog-leg lateral view
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An 80-year-old man presents with fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. Suspected diagnosis?
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Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)
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An active 13-year-old boy has anterior knee pain. Diagnosis?
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Osgood-Schlatter disease
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An agent that reverses the effects of heparin.
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Protamine
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An antidiabetic agent associated with lactic acidosis.
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Metformin
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An autosomal-recessive disorder with a defect in the GPIIbIIIa platelet receptor and decreased platelet aggregation.
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Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia
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An eight-year-old boy presents with hemarthrosis and increased PTT with normal PT and bleeding time. Diagnosis? Treatment?
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Hemophilia A or B; consider desmopressin (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements
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An eight-year-old child is in a serious accident. She requires emergent transfusion, but her parents are not present.
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Treat immediately. Consent is implied in emergency situations
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An elderly female presents with pain and stiffness of the shoulders and hips; she cannot lift her arms above her head. Labs show anemia and increased ESR.
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Polymyalgia rheumatica
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An elderly male with hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asymptomatic. Diagnostic tests?
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Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal cancer
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An infant has a high fever and onset of rash as fever breaks. What is he at risk for?
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Febrile seizures (roseola infantum)
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Anemia associated with absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, cafe-au-lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia.
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Fanconi’s anemia
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Annual screening for women with a strong family history of ovarian cancer.
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CA-125 and transvaginal ultrasound
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Antibiotics with teratogenic effects.
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Tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides
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Antidepressants associated with hypertensive crisis.
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MAOIs
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Antihypertensive for a diabetic patient with proteinuria.
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ACEI
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Aplastic crisis in sickle cell disease.
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Parvovirus B19
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Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 50-year-old male with angina can exercise to 85% of maximum predicted heart rate.
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Exercise stress treadmill with ECG
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Appropriate diagnostic test? ■ A 65-year-old woman with left bundle branch block and severe osteoarthritis has unstable angina.
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Pharmacologic stress test (e.g., dobutamine echo)
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Arthritis, conjunctivitis, and urethritis in young men. Associated organisms?
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Reactive (Reiter’s) arthritis. Associated with Campylobacter, Shigella, Salmonella, Chlamydia, and Ureaplasma
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Asplenic patients are particularly susceptible to these organisms.
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Encapsulated organisms––pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella
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Associated with Propionibacterium acnes and changes in androgen levels.
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Acne vulgaris
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Attributable risk?
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The incidence rate (IR) of a disease in exposed − the IR of a disease in unexposed
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Auer rods on blood smear.
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Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML)
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Autoimmune complication occurring 2–4 weeks post-MI.
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Dressler’s syndrome (fever, pericarditis, increased ESR)
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“Cradle cap.”
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Seborrheic dermatitis. Treat with antifungals
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“Dewdrop on a rose petal.”
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Lesions of Primaryvaricella
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“Doughy skin.”
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Hypernatremia
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“Stones, bones, groans, psychiatric overtones.”
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Signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia
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“Stuck-on” appearance.
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Seborrheic keratosis
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increased CO, decreased PCWP, decreased PVR.
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Septic or anaphylactic shock
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increased risk of what infection with silicosis?
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Mycobacterium tuberculosis
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decreased CO, increased PCWP, increased PVR.
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Cardiogenic shock
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decreased CO, decreased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP), increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR).
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Hypovolemic shock
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Back pain that is exacerbated by standing and walking and relieved with sitting and hyperflexion of the hips.
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Spinal stenosis
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Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade.
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Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD
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Begin Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) prophylaxis in an HIV-positive patient at what CD4 count? Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) prophylaxis?
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≤ 200 for PCP (with TMP); ≤ 50–100 for MAI (with clarithromycin/azithromycin)
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Bias introduced into a study when a clinician is aware of the patient’s treatment type.
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Observational bias
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Bias introduced when screening detects a disease earlier and thus lengthens the time from diagnosis to death.
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Lead-time bias
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Bilious emesis within hours after the first feeding.
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Duodenal atresia
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Birth rate?
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Number of live births per 1000 population
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Blood in the urethral meatus or high-riding prostate.
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Bladder rupture or urethral injury
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Bone is fractured in fall on outstretched hand.
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Distal radius (Colles’ fracture)
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Breast cancer type that increased the future risk of invasive carcinoma in both breasts.
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Lobular carcinoma in situ
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Breast malignancy presenting as itching, burning, and erosion of the nipple.
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Paget’s disease
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Cafe-au-lait spots on skin.
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Neurofibromatosis 1
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Cannon “a” waves.
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Third-degree heart block
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Case-control study—incidence or prevalence?
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Neither
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Cause of amenorrhea with normal prolactin, no response to estrogen-progesterone challenge, and a history of D&C.
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Asherman’s syndrome
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Cause of neonatal RDS.
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Surfactant deficiency
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Causes of drug-induced SLE.
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INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide
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Causes of exudative effusion.
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Think of leaky capillaries. Malignancy, TB, bacterial or viral infection, pulmonary embolism with infarct, and pancreatitis
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Causes of hypoxemia.
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Right-to-left shunt, hypoventilation, low inspired O2 tension, diffusion defect, V/Q mismatch
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Causes of transudative effusion.
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Think of intact capillaries. CHF, liver or kidney disease, and protein-losing enteropathy
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Characteristics favoring carcinoma in an isolated pulmonary nodule.
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Age > 45–50 years; lesions new or larger in comparison to old films; absence of calcification or irregular calcification; size > 2 cm; irregular margins
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Characteristics of SecondaryLyme disease.
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Arthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis
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Charcot’s triad.
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RUQ pain, jaundice, and fever/chills in the setting of ascending cholangitis
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Chromosomal pattern of a complete mole.
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46,XX
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Chronic diseases such as SLE—higher prevalence or incidence?
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Higher prevalence
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Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs.
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Hypocalcemia
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Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, and extrapyramidal symptoms.
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Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
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Classic causes of drug-induced hepatitis.
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TB medications (INH, rifampin, pyrazinamide), acetaminophen, and tetracycline
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Classic CXR findings for pulmonary edema.
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Cardiomegaly, prominent pulmonary vessels, Kerley B lines, “bat’s-wing” appearance of hilar shadows, and perivascular and peribronchial cuffing
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Classic ECG finding in atrial flutter.
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“Sawtooth” P waves
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Classic ECG findings in pericarditis.
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Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation
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Classic physical findings for endocarditis.
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Fever, heart murmur, Osler’s nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth’s spots
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Classic ultrasound and gross appearance of complete hydatidiform mole.
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Snowstorm on ultrasound. “Cluster-of-grapes” appearance on gross examination
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Cohort study—incidence or prevalence?
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Incidence and prevalence
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Cold agglutinins.
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Mycoplasma
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Cold water is flushed into a patient’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the opposite side. Normal or pathological?
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Normal
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Combined UMN and LMN disorder.
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ALS
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Common symptoms associated with silent MIs.
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CHF, shock, and altered mental status
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Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia.
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Central pontine myelinolysis
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Complication of scaphoid fracture.
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Avascular necrosis
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Conditions in which confidentiality must be overridden.
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Real threat of harm to third parties; suicidal intentions; certain contagious diseases; elder and child abuse
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Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia.
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Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to a deficiency of thiamine
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Contraceptive methods that protect against PID.
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OCP and barrier contraception
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Criteria for exudative effusion.
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Pleural/serum protein > 0.5; pleural/serum LDH > 0.6
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Cross-sectional survey—incidence or prevalence?
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Prevalence
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CSF findings with SAH.
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Elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia
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CSF findings: increased gamma globulins
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MS
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CSF findings: Low glucose, PMN predominance
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Bacterial meningitis
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CSF findings: Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance
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Aseptic (viral) meningitis
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CSF findings: Numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)
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Defect in an X-linked syndrome with mental retardation,
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Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (purine salvage problem with
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Definition of hypertension.
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BP > 140/90 on three separate occasions two weeks apart
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Definition of unstable angina.
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Angina is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest
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Dermatomal distribution.
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Varicella zoster
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Describe a test that consistently gives identical results, but the results are wrong.
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High reliability, low validity
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Diagnostic modality used when ultrasound is equivocal for cholecystitis.
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HIDA scan
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Diagnostic step required in a postmenopausal woman who presents with vaginal bleeding.
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Endometrial biopsy
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Diagnostic test for hereditary spherocytosis.
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Osmotic fragility test
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Diagnostic test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
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Echocardiogram (showing thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)
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Difference between a cohort and a case-control study.
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Cohort studies can be used to calculate relative risk (RR), incidence, and/or odds ratio (OR). Case-control studies can be used to calculate an OR
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Difference between Mallory-Weiss and Boerhaave tears.
|
Mallory-Weiss—superficial tear in the esophageal mucosa Boerhaave—full-thickness esophageal rupture
|
|
|
Differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia.
|
Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome
|
|
|
Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and a pericardial friction rub.
|
Uremic syndrome seen in patients with renal failure
|
|
|
Drugs that slow AV node transmission.
|
β-blockers, digoxin, calcium channel blockers
|
|
|
Dyspnea, lateral hilar lymphodenopathy on CXR, noncaseating granulomas, increased ACE, and hypercalcemia.
|
Sarcoidosis
|
|
|
ECG findings suggesting MI.
|
ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia), flattened T waves, and Q waves
|
|
|
Eight surgically correctable causes of hypertension.
|
Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal disease, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
Electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome.
|
decreased Ca2− , increased K− , increased phosphate, increased uric acid
|
|
|
Elevated erythropoietin level, elevated hematocrit, and normal O2 saturation suggest?
|
RCC or other erythropoietin-producing tumor; evaluate with CT scan
|
|
|
Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens.
|
Oral surgery—amoxicillin; GI or GU procedures—ampicillin and gentamicin before and amoxicillin after
|
|
|
Eosinophils in urine sediment.
|
Allergic interstitial nephritis
|
|
|
Epidemics such as influenza—higher prevalence or incidence?
|
Higher incidence
|
|
|
Erythema migrans.
|
Lesion of PrimaryLyme disease
|
|
|
Evaluation of a pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit.
|
Abdominal ultrasound and CT
|
|
|
Exophthalmos, pretibial myxedema, and decreased TSH.
|
Graves’ disease
|
|
|
Exophytic nodules on the skin with varying degrees of scaling or ulceration; the second most common type of skin cancer.
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Extraintestinal manifestations of IBD.
|
Uveitis, ankylosing spondylitis, pyoderma gangrenosum, erythema nodosum, Primarysclerosing cholangitis
|
|
|
Fertility rate?
|
Number of live births per 1000 women 15–44 years of age
|
|
|
Fetal mortality?
|
Number of deaths from 20 weeks’ gestation to birth per 1000 total births
|
|
|
Findings in Tertiary syphilis.
|
Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Robertson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms
|
|
|
First step in the management of a patient with acute GI bleed.
|
Establish the ABCs
|
|
|
First-line medication for status epilepticus.
|
IV benzodiazepine
|
|
|
First-line pharmacotherapy for depression.
|
SSRIs
|
|
|
First-line treatment for moderate hypercalcemia.
|
IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)
|
|
|
First-line treatment for otitis media.
|
Amoxicillin × 10 days
|
|
|
Flat-topped papules.
|
Lichen planus
|
|
|
Four causes of microcytic anemia.
|
TICS—Thalassemia, Iron deficiency, anemia of Chronic disease, and Sideroblastic anemia
|
|
|
Four characteristics of a nevus suggestive of melanoma.
|
Asymmetry, border irregularity, color variation, large diameter
|
|
|
Four signs and symptoms of streptococcal pharyngitis.
|
Fever, pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough
|
|
|
Galactorrhea, impotence, menstrual dysfunction, and decreased libido.
|
Patient on dopamine antagonist
|
|
|
Genetic disorder associated with multiple fractures and commonly mistaken for child abuse.
|
Osteogenesis imperfecta
|
|
|
Glomerulonephritis with deafness.
|
Alport’s syndrome
|
|
|
Glomerulonephritis with hemoptysis.
|
Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome
|
|
|
Goal hemoglobin A1c for a patient with DM.
|
< 7.0
|
|
|
gout, self-mutilation, and choreoathetosis.
|
HGPRTase deficiency)
|
|
|
Heinz bodies?
|
Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy
|
|
|
Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass.
|
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
|
|
|
Hematuria, hypertension, and oliguria.
|
Nephritic syndrome
|
|
|
Hernia with highest risk of incarceration—indirect, direct, or femoral?
|
Femoral hernia
|
|
|
Hip and back pain along with stiffness that improves with activity over the course of the day and worsens at rest. Diagnostic test?
|
Suspect ankylosing spondylitis. Check HLA-B27
|
|
|
Honey-crusted lesions.
|
Impetigo
|
|
|
Honeycomb pattern on CXR. Diagnosis? Treatment?
|
Diffuse interstitial pulmonary fibrosis. Supportive care. Steroids may help
|
|
|
How to diagnose and follow a leiomyoma.
|
Ultrasound
|
|
|
How to distinguish polycythemia vera from Secondarypolycythemia.
|
Both have increased hematocrit and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 saturation and low erythropoietin levels
|
|
|
HUS triad?
|
Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure
|
|
|
Hypercholesterolemia treatment that → flushing and pruritus.
|
Niacin
|
|
|
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility.
|
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
|
|
|
Hypoxemia and pulmonary edema with normal pulmonary capillary wedge pressure.
|
ARDS
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: AIDS
|
Isospora, Cryptosporidium, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Camping
|
Giardia
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Church picnics/mayonnaise
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Fried rice
|
Bacillus cereus
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Most common organism
|
Campylobacter
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Poultry/eggs
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Pseudoappendicitis
|
Yersinia
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Raw seafood
|
Vibrio, HAV
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Recent antibiotic use
|
Clostridium difficile
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Traveler’s diarrhea
|
ETEC
|
|
|
Identify key organisms causing diarrhea: Uncooked hamburgers
|
E. coli O157:H7
|
|
|
If you want to know if race affects infant mortality rate but most of the variation in infant mortality is predicted by socioeconomic status, then socioeconomic status is a _____.
|
Confounding variable
|
|
|
In which patients do you initiate colorectal cancer screening early?
|
Patients with IBD; those with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP)/hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC); and those who have first-degree relatives with adenomatous polyps (< 60 years of age) or colorectal cancer
|
|
|
Indications for medical treatment of ectopic pregnancy.
|
Stable, unruptured ectopic pregnancy of < 3.5 cm at < 6 weeks’ gestation
|
|
|
Indications for surgical repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm.
|
> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured
|
|
|
Infant mortality?
|
Number of deaths from birth to one year of age per 1000 live births (neonatal + postnatal mortality)
|
|
|
Infection of small airways with epidemics in winter and spring.
|
RSV bronchiolitis
|
|
|
Inflammation and epithelial thinning of the anogenital area, predominantly in postmenopausal women.
|
Lichen sclerosus
|
|
|
Inflammatory disease of the colon with increased risk of colon cancer.
|
Ulcerative colitis
|
|
|
Initially presents with a pruritic papule with regional lymphadenopathy and evolves into a black eschar after 7–10 days. Treatment?
|
Cutaneous anthrax. Treat with penicillin G or ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
Inspiratory arrest during palpation of the RUQ.
|
Murphy’s sign, seen in acute cholecystitis
|
|
|
Involuntary commitment or isolation for medical treatment may be undertaken for what reason?
|
When treatment noncompliance represents a serious danger to public health (e.g., active TB)
|
|
|
Involuntary psychiatric hospitalization can be undertaken for which three reasons?
|
The patient is a danger to self, a danger to others, or gravely disabled (unable to provide for basic needs)
|
|
|
Iris-like target lesions.
|
Erythema multiforme
|
|
|
IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Treatment?
|
Treat existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve
|
|
|
Joint pain and stiffness that worsen over the course of the day and are relieved by rest.
|
Osteoarthritis
|
|
|
Joints in the hand affected in rheumatoid arthritis.
|
MCP and PIP joints; DIP joints are spared
|
|
|
Key side effects of atypical antipsychotics.
|
Weight gain, type 2 DM, QT prolongation
|
|
|
Lab findings in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis.
|
High TSH, low T4, antimicrosomal antibodies
|
|
|
Lab values suggestive of menopause.
|
increased serum FSH
|
|
|
Laparoscopic findings in endometriosis.
|
“Chocolate cysts,” powder burns
|
|
|
Life-threatening muscle rigidity, fever, and rhabdomyolysis.
|
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
|
|
|
Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality.
|
DI
|
|
|
Lung cancer associated with SIADH.
|
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
|
|
|
Lung cancer highly related to cigarette exposure.
|
SCLC
|
|
|
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia with neurologic symptoms.
|
B12 deficiency
|
|
|
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia without neurologic symptoms.
|
Folate deficiency
|
|
|
Maternal mortality?
|
Number of deaths during pregnancy to 90 days postpartum per 100,000 live births
|
|
|
May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused with ADHD.
|
Absence seizures
|
|
|
Medical options for endometriosis.
|
OCPs, danazol, GnRH agonists
|
|
|
Medical treatment for hepatic encephalopathy.
|
decreased protein intake, lactulose, neomycin
|
|
|
Medical treatment for IBD.
|
5-aminosalicylic acid +/− sulfasalazine and steroids during acute exacerbations
|
|
|
Medication given to accelerate fetal lung maturity.
|
Betamethasone or dexamethasone × 48 hours
|
|
|
Medication to avoid in patients with a history of alcohol withdrawal seizures.
|
Neuroleptics
|
|
|
Medication used to induce ovulation.
|
Clomiphene citrate
|
|
|
Medications and viruses that → aplastic anemia.
|
Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV
|
|
|
Meningitis in infants. Causes? Treatment?
|
Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H. influenzae. Treat with cefotaxime and vancomycin
|
|
|
Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Treatment?
|
Group B strep, E. coli, Listeria. Treat with gentamicin and ampicillin
|
|
|
Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients.
|
Parkland formula
|
|
|
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, and increased TIBC.
|
Iron deficiency anemia
|
|
|
Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and normal or increased ferritin.
|
Anemia of chronic disease
|
|
|
Molar pregnancy containing fetal tissue.
|
Partial mole
|
|
|
Mortality rate?
|
Number of deaths per 1000 population
|
|
|
Name the defense mechanism: A hospitalized 10-year-old begins to wet his bed.
|
Regression
|
|
|
Name the defense mechanism: A mother who is angry at her husband yells at her child.
|
Displacement
|
|
|
Name the defense mechanism: A pedophile enters a monastery.
|
Reaction formation
|
|
|
Name the defense mechanism: A woman calmly describes a grisly murder.
|
Isolation
|
|
|
Name the organism: Alcoholic with pneumonia.
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
Name the organism: “Currant jelly” sputum.
|
Klebsiella
|
|
|
Name the organism: Branching rods in oral infection.
|
Actinomyces israelii
|
|
|
Name the organism: Dog or cat bite.
|
Pasteurella multocida
|
|
|
Name the organism: Gardener.
|
Sporothrix schenckii
|
|
|
Name the organism: Infection in burn victims.
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Name the organism: Meningitis in adults.
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
Name the organism: Meningitis in elderly.
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
Name the organism: Osteomyelitis from foot wound puncture.
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Name the organism: Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell patient.
|
Salmonella
|
|
|
Name the organism: Painful chancroid.
|
Haemophilus ducreyi
|
|
|
Name the organism: Pregnant women with pets.
|
Toxoplasma gondii
|
|
|
Natural history of a leiomyoma.
|
Regresses after menopause
|
|
|
Neonatal mortality?
|
Number of deaths from birth to 28 days per 1000 live births
|
|
|
Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy.
|
7–10 days
|
|
|
Non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) associated with hypercalcemia.
|
Squamous cell carcinoma
|
|
|
Nonpainful chancre.
|
Primarysyphilis
|
|
|
Nontender abdominal mass associated with elevated VMA and HVA.
|
Neuroblastoma
|
|
|
Normalizing PCO2 in a patient having an asthma exacerbation may indicate?
|
Fatigue and impending respiratory failure
|
|
|
Not contraindications to vaccination.
|
Mild illness and/or low-grade fever, current antibiotic therapy, and prematurity
|
|
|
Number needed to treat?
|
1 ÷ (rate in untreated group − rate in treated group)
|
|
|
Odds ratio?
|
The likelihood of a disease among individuals exposed to a risk factor compared to those who have not been exposed
|
|
|
Patient presents with sudden onset of severe, diffuse abdominal pain. Exam reveals peritoneal signs and AXR reveals free air under the diaphragm. Management?
|
Emergent laparotomy to repair perforated viscus, likely stomach
|
|
|
Peaked T waves and widened QRS.
|
Hyperkalemia
|
|
|
Perinatal mortality?
|
Number of deaths from 20 weeks’ gestation to one month of life per 1000 total births
|
|
|
PFT showing increased FEV1/FVC.
|
Restrictive pulmonary disease
|
|
|
PFT showing decreased FEV1/FVC.
|
Obstructive pulmonary disease (e.g., asthma)
|
|
|
Pinkish, scaling, flat lesions on the chest and back. KOH prep has a “spaghetti-and-meatballs” appearance.
|
Pityriasis versicolor
|
|
|
Post-HBV exposure treatment.
|
HBV immunoglobulin
|
|
|
Postnatal mortality?
|
Number of deaths from 28 days to one year per 1000 live births
|
|
|
PPD reactivity is used as a screening test because most people with TB (except those who are anergic) will have a +PPD. Highly sensitive or specific?
|
Highly sensitive for TB
|
|
|
Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in patients with G6PD deficiency.
|
Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans
|
|
|
Premalignant lesion from sun exposure that can → squamous cell carcinoma.
|
Actinic keratosis
|
|
|
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment.
|
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
|
|
|
Presents with a herald patch, Christmas-tree pattern.
|
Pityriasis rosea
|
|
|
Prophylactic treatment for migraine.
|
β-blockers, Ca2+ channel blockers, TCAs
|
|
|
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, edema.
|
Nephrotic syndrome
|
|
|
Pure RBC aplasia.
|
Diamond-Blackfan anemia
|
|
|
Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection.
|
Widened mediastinum (> 8 cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right, depression of left main stem bronchus
|
|
|
Radiographic indications for surgery in patients with acute abdomen.
|
Free air under the diaphragm, extravasation of contrast, severe bowl distention, space-occupying lesion (CT), mesenteric occlusion (angiography)
|
|
|
Red plaques with silvery-white scales and sharp margins.
|
Psoriasis
|
|
|
Reed-Sternberg cells
|
Hodgkin’s lymphoma
|
|
|
Relative risk?
|
The IR of a disease in a population exposed to a particular factor ÷ the IR of those not exposed
|
|
|
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) associated with abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis.
|
Type I (distal) RTA
|
|
|
Reynolds’ pentad.
|
Charcot’s triad plus shock and mental status changes, with suppurative ascending cholangitis
|
|
|
Rhomboid-shaped, positively birefringent crystals on joint fluid aspirate.
|
Pseudogout
|
|
|
Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior.
|
Huntington’s disease
|
|
|
Rigidity and stiffness with resting tremor and masked facies.
|
Parkinson’s disease
|
|
|
Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT with seizures
|
Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
|
|
|
Risk factors for cholelithiasis.
|
Fat, female, fertile, forty, flatulent
|
|
|
Risk factors for DVT.
|
Stasis, endothelial injury and hypercoagulability (Virchow’s triad)
|
|
|
Risk factors for pyelonephritis.
|
Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones
|
|
|
RTA associated with abnormal HCO3 − and rickets.
|
Type II (proximal) RTA
|
|
|
RTA associated with aldosterone defect.
|
Type IV (distal) RTA
|
|
|
Salicylate ingestion → in what type of acid-base disorder?
|
Anion gap acidosis and Primaryrespiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation
|
|
|
Sensitive tests have few false negatives and are used to rule _____ a disease.
|
Out
|
|
|
Sentinel loop on AXR.
|
Acute pancreatitis
|
|
|
Shortest AP diameter of the pelvis.
|
Obstetric conjugate (between the sacral promontory and the midpoint of the symphysis pubis )
|
|
|
Should α- or β-antagonists be used first in treating pheochromocytoma?
|
α-antagonists (phentolamine and phenoxybenzamine)
|
|
|
Side effects of corticosteroids.
|
Acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies
|
|
|
Signs of active ischemia during stress testing.
|
Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or decreased BP
|
|
|
Signs of air embolism.
|
A patient with chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies
|
|
|
Signs of increased ICP (Cushing’s triad).
|
Hypertension, bradycardia, and abnormal respirations
|
|
|
Signs of neurogenic shock.
|
Hypotension and bradycardia
|
|
|
Signs suggesting radial nerve damage with humeral fracture.
|
Wrist drop, loss of thumb abduction
|
|
|
Sudden onset of mental status changes, emesis, and liver dysfunction after taking aspirin.
|
Reye’s syndrome
|
|
|
Supportive treatment for ARDS.
|
Continuous positive airway pressure
|
|
|
Symptoms of placenta previa.
|
Self-limited, painless vaginal bleeding
|
|
|
Symptoms of placental abruption.
|
Continuous, painful vaginal bleeding
|
|
|
T-wave flattening and U waves.
|
Hypokalemia
|
|
|
Tanner stage 3 in a six-year-old female.
|
Precocious puberty
|
|
|
Term for heavy bleeding during and between menstrual periods.
|
Menometrorrhagia
|
|
|
Test to rule out urethral injury.
|
Retrograde cystourethrogram
|
|
|
Testicular cancer associated with β-hCG, AFP.
|
Choriocarcinoma
|
|
|
Tests to rule out shaken baby syndrome.
|
Ophthalmologic exam, CT, and MRI
|
|
|
The 6 P’s of ischemia due to peripheral vascular disease.
|
Pain, pallor, pulselessness, paralysis, paresthesia, poikilothermia
|
|
|
The coagulation parameter affected by warfarin.
|
PT
|
|
|
The diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism.
|
V/Q scan
|
|
|
The first test to perform when a woman presents with amenorrhea.
|
β-hCG; the most common cause of amenorrhea is pregnancy
|
|
|
The mainstay of Parkinson’s therapy.
|
Levodopa/carbidopa
|
|
|
The most common Primaryimmunodeficiency.
|
Selective IgA deficiency
|
|
|
The most common Primarymalignant tumor of bone.
|
Multiple myeloma
|
|
|
The most common Primarysources of metastases to the brain.
|
Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney, GI tract
|
|
|
The most common cancer in men and the most common cause of death from cancer in men.
|
Prostate cancer is the most common cancer in men, but lung cancer causes more deaths
|
|
|
The most common cause of bloody nipple discharge.
|
Intraductal papilloma
|
|
|
The most common cause of Cushing’s syndrome.
|
Iatrogenic steroid administration. The second most common cause is Cushing’s disease
|
|
|
The most common cause of female infertility.
|
Endometriosis
|
|
|
The most common cause of hypertension in young men.
|
Excessive EtOH
|
|
|
The most common cause of hypertension in young women.
|
OCPs
|
|
|
The most common cause of hypothyroidism.
|
Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
|
|
|
The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage.
|
Uterine atony
|
|
|
The most common cause of SAH.
|
Trauma; the second most common is berry aneurysm
|
|
|
The most common cause of seizures in children (2–10 years).
|
Infection, febrile seizures, trauma, idiopathic
|
|
|
The most common cause of seizures in young adults (18–35 years).
|
Trauma, alcohol withdrawal, brain tumor
|
|
|
The most common causes of dementia.
|
Alzheimer’s and multi-infarct
|
|
|
The most common causes of hypercalcemia.
|
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
|
|
|
The most common form of glomerulonephritis.
|
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)
|
|
|
The most common form of nephritic syndrome.
|
Membranous glomerulonephritis
|
|
|
The most common histology of bladder cancer.
|
Transitional cell carcinoma
|
|
|
The most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability.
|
Factor V Leiden mutation
|
|
|
The most common inherited hemolytic anemia.
|
Hereditary spherocytosis
|
|
|
The most common location for an ectopic pregnancy.
|
Ampulla of the oviduct
|
|
|
The most common organism in burn-related infections.
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
|
The most common pathogen causing croup.
|
Parainfluenza virus type 1
|
|
|
The most common pituitary tumor. Treatment?
|
Prolactinoma. Dopamine agonists (e.g., bromocriptine)
|
|
|
The most common type of nephrolithiasis.
|
Calcium oxalate
|
|
|
The most common type of skin cancer; the lesion is a pearly-colored papule with a translucent surface and telangiectasias.
|
Basal cell carcinoma
|
|
|
The most common type of testicular cancer.
|
Seminoma—a type of germ cell tumor
|
|
|
The most common type of tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). Diagnosis?
|
Esophageal atresia with distal TEF (85%). Unable to pass NG tube
|
|
|
The most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm.
|
Headache
|
|
|
The most likely cause of acute lower GI bleed in patients > 40 years old.
|
Diverticulosis
|
|
|
The most serious side effect of clozapine.
|
Agranulocytosis
|
|
|
The number of bacterial culture on a clean-catch specimen to diagnose a UTI.
|
105 bacteria/mL
|
|
|
The number of true positives divided by the number of patients with the disease is _____.
|
Sensitivity
|
|
|
The percentage of cases within one SD of the mean? Two SDs? Three SDs?
|
68%, 95.5%, 99.7%
|
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The three most common causes of fever of unknown origin (FUO).
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Infection, cancer, and autoimmune disease
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Therapy for polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Weight loss and OCPs
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Three systemic diseases → nephrotic syndrome.
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DM, SLE, and amyloidosis
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Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad?
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Pentad of TTP—“FAT RN” (Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfunction, Neurologic abnormalities)
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Trauma series.
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AP chest, AP/lateral C-spine, AP pelvis
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Treatment for acetaminophen overdose.
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N-acetylcysteine
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Treatment for acute coronary syndrome.
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Morphine, O2, sublingual nitroglycerin, ASA, IV β-blockers, heparin
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Treatment for AML M3.
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Retinoic acid
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Treatment for atrial fibrillation.
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Anticoagulation, rate control, cardioversion
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Treatment for bacterial vaginosis.
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Oral or topical metronidazole
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Treatment for benzodiazepine overdose.
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Flumazenil
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Treatment for DTs.
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Benzodiazepines
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Treatment for Guillain-Barre syndrome.
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IVIG or plasmapheresis
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Treatment for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children.
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Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids
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Treatment for malignant hypertension.
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Nitroprusside
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Treatment for mild and severe unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia.
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Phototherapy (mild) or exchange transfusion (severe)
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Treatment for mild, persistent asthma.
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Inhaled β-agonists and inhaled corticosteroids
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Treatment for neuroleptic malignant syndrome.
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Dantrolene or bromocriptine
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Treatment for opioid overdose.
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Naloxone
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Treatment for postpartum hemorrhage.
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Uterine massage; if that fails, give oxytocin
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Treatment for SVC syndrome.
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Radiation
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Treatment for TTP.
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Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs
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Treatment for ventricular fibrillation.
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Immediate cardioversion
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Treatment of AF.
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Rate control, rhythm conversion, and anticoagulation
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Treatment of anaphylactic shock.
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Diphenhydramine or epinephrine 1:1000
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Treatment of cardiogenic shock.
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Identify cause; pressors (e.g., dobutamine)
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Treatment of central DI.
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Administration of DDAVP decreased serum osmolality and free water restriction
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Treatment of DKA.
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Fluids, insulin, and aggressive replacement of electrolytes (e.g., K+)
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Treatment of hypovolemic shock.
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Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion
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Treatment of septic shock.
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Fluids and antibiotics
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Treatment of SIADH?
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Fluid restriction, demeclocycline
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Treatment of supraventricular tachycardia (SVT).
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Rate control with carotid massasge or other vagal stimulation
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Treatment of tension pneumothorax.
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Immediate needle thoracostomy
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True or false: Once patients sign a statement giving consent, they must continue treatment.
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False. Patients may change their minds at any time. Exceptions to the requirement of informed consent include emergency situations and patients without decision-making capacity
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True or false: Withdrawing life-sustaining care is ethically distinct from withholding sustaining care.
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False. Withdrawing and withholding life are the same from an ethical standpoint
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Two consecutive findings of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on Pap smear. Follow-up evaluation?
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Colposcopy and endocervical curettage
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Type of ARF in a patient with FeNa < 1%.
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Prerenal
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Typical antibiotics for group B streptococcus (GBS) prophylaxis.
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IV penicillin or ampicillin
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Unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema.
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Cluster headache
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Unopposed estrogen is contraindicated in which cancers?
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Endometrial or estrogen receptor– breast cancer
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Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks’ gestation; no products expelled; cervical os closed.
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Threatened abortion
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Uterine bleeding at 18 weeks’ gestation; no products expelled; membranes ruptured; cervical os open.
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Inevitable abortion
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Vaccinations at a six-month well-child visit.
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HBV, DTaP, Hib, IPV, PCV
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Virchow’s triad.
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Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage
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Virus associated with aplastic anemia in patients with sickle cell anemia.
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Parvovirus B19
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Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen with lipiduria).
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Nephrotic syndrome
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What % lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?
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Seventy percent if the stenosis is symptomatic
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What is the immunodeficiency? ■ A boy has chronic respiratory infections. Nitroblue tetrazolium test is +.
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Chronic granulomatous disease
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What is the immunodeficiency? ■ A child has eczema, thrombocytopenia, and high levels of IgA.
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Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome
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What is the immunodeficiency? ■ A four-month-old boy has life-threatening Pseudomonas infection.
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Bruton’s X-linked agammaglobulinemia
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What is the metabolic syndrome?
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Abdominal obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL, hypertension, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states
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What should always be done prior to LP?
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Check for increased ICP; look for papilledema
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When can a physician refuse to continue treating a patient on the grounds of futility?
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When there is no rationale for treatment, maximal intervention is failing, a given intervention has already failed, and treatment will not achieve the goals of care
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When should a vaginal exam be performed with suspected placenta previa?
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Never
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Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?
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Pregnant women. Treat this group aggressively because of potential complications
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Which of the following are increased in DIC: fibrin split products, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, and hematocrit.
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Fibrin split products and D-dimer are elevated; platelets, fibrinogen, and hematocrit are decreased.
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Why are β-blockers contraindicated in diabetics?
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They can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia
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