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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek
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Considered the "father of microscopy", he discovered bacteria, free-living and parasitic microscopic protists, sperm cells, blood cells, microscopic nematodes and rotifers, and much more. He also made the single-lens microscopes with exquisite lenses and with them he became the first person to see ciliated protists, which he called "animalcules" and "wretched beasties." He also discovered Hydra, rotifers, and bacteria"
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Hans Christian Gram
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His initial work concerned the study of red blood cells in men and he was among the first to recognize that macrocytes were characteristic of pernicious anaemia. But the work that gained him international reputation was his development of a method of staining bacteria. The stain later played a major role in classifying bacteria.
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Louis Pasteur
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Developed a method of immunization against a disease (chicken cholera) by using a weakened (attenuated) strain of the pathogen in 1880. In 1885, he carried out successful experiments with RABIES VACCINE on a child. The term virus (poison) was coined by him. DISPROVED THEORY OF SPONTANEOUS GENERATION, WITH SWAN-NECK FLASK.
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Robert Koch
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Published a paper on the bacterium which causes anthrax in 1876. In 1881, he developed the use of gelatin on glass plates as a means for culturing bacteria colonies for experiments. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1905 for his work on the Tubercule bacillus of tuberculosis. (ANTHRAX, CHOLERA, AND TUBERCULOSIS/STAINING OF TUBERCLE BACIILLUS)
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(Francis) Peyton Rous
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Awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize for the work he carried out on chickens in 1911, that gave the first experimental proof of a VIRUS CAUSING CANCER.
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Stanley Prusiner
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In 1982, he found evidence that a class of infections he called "prions" cause scrapie, a fatal neurodegenerative disease of sheep and was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1997.
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Joseph Lister
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Published his study of lactic fermentation of milk in 1878, using a method of isolating, he found that a pure culture of the bacterium was responsible. USED CARBOLIC ACID IN SURGICAL PROCEDURES
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Ignaz Semmelweiss
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He is best remembered for his contributions in combating "childbed fever", using MODERN SCIENTIFIC METHODS and STATISTICS. The unique contribution was that he not only observed the phenomenon of childbed fever, but he kept detailed tables of how many women were affected, where they gave birth, and who attended the birth.
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Theodor Escherich
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He discovered the bacterium E. COLI, which was named after him in 1919, and determined its properties.
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Paul Ehrlich
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In 1912, he announced the discovery of "MAGIC BULLET" THEORY and an effective cure for SYPHILIS , the first chemotherapeutic agent for a bacterial disease.
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Elie Metchnikoff
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Received the Nobel Prize in 1908 with Ehrlich, for demonstrating phagocytosis - the consumption of foreign particles and bacteria by the body's own antibodies.
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Edward Jenner
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Widely credited as the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, and is sometimes referred to as the "Father of Immunology"; his works have been said to have "saved more lives than the work of any other man".
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Martinus Beijerinck
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Developed an enrichment culture to create the best conditions for growth of required bacterium in 1889. While working on tobacco mosaic VIRUSES in 1899, he discovered that a filtrate free of bacteria can still transmit the disease, by some other agent.
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Serge Winogradsky
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In 1890, he isolated nitrifying bacteria in soil and described the organisms which are responsible for nitrification. CHEMOAUTOTROPHY.
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Alexander Fleming
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Discovered PENICILLIN in 1928 while working at St Mary's Hospital in London and published the first paper on it the following year. He received the Nobel Prize in 1945, with Howard Florey and Ernst Chain, for their work on Penicillium notatum.
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Selman Waksman
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Discovered STREPTOMYCIN in 1944, which was then used to counter tuberculosis and received the Nobel Prize in 1952.
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Joshua Lederberg
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Published the first paper on CONJUGATION in bacteria in 1946. Along with Norton Zinder, showed that a phage of Salmonella typhimurium can carry DNA from one bacterium to another and reported on TRANSDUCTION (transfer of genetic information by viruses) in 1952.
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Walter Reed
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Worked on the viral agent for yellow fever that was being transmitted to humans by mosquitoes, which inspired mosquito eradication and the Yellow Fever Commission in 1900.
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Rebecca Lancefield
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Developed a system of classification for Group A streptococcal bacteria, which identifies bacteria, including those causing scarlet fever, sore throat and erysipelas. Later received the Lasker Award and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
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Frederick Twort & Felix H. d’Herelle
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Between 1915 and 1917, first discovered a bacterial virus which was also independently described and named the bacteriophage.
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