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85 Cards in this Set
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Satire's Experiential Therapy |
-referred as communication/validation therapy -humans have innate growth tendency in terms of body, mind & feelings -systems viewed as holistic that continually interact via communication forming dynamic whole -Components: a. rules influence roles & impact effectiveness of functioning b. awareness of experience in the here & now for growth to occur -Therapy focus enhances self-esteem & addresses interpersonal communication. |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Treatment Goals: Facilitate growth in family & between members in terms of self-esteem & communication. Other goals: - instill hope & encouragement - access, enhance and create coping skills -facilitate growth-oriented movement in family |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Counselor's Role: 1. encourage the ability of family members to examine their behavior. 2. reframe negative emotions & encourage expression of feelings in therapy 3. educate clients in roles of self-control & accountability 4. address non-congruent communication regarding content & process messages 5. model congruent communication |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Symptom Role: 1. framed within a relational perspective 2. signal blockages in growth 3. balance of system is maintained through blockage & has survival connection to system |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Normal Families: Families fulfill seven functions- a. clear communication b. effective roles c. implementation of family roles- few in number, reasonable, relevant, flexible, & constantly applied |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Development of Normal Family: 7 Mutually Reinforcing Functions: 1. Provide sexual experience for the mates 2. Contribute to the continuity of race by producing & nurturing children 3. Cooperate economically by dividing labor between adults according to gender, convenience & precedents & between adults & children according to child's age & gender 4. Maintain a boundary (by incest taboo) between generations so smooth task-functioning & stable relationships can be maintained 5. Transmit culture to children by parental teaching 6. Recognize when one member is no longer a child but has become an adult capable of performing adult roles and functions 7. Provide for eventual care of parents by children |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Behavioral Disorder Development in Family: 1. Family is cold system with poor interchange of information & resources within & without system. Interchange is maladaptive & rigid. 2. Presence of dysfunction in one member is symptomatic of dysfunction in one of larger systems 3. Coping is reviewed as problem rather than the presence of stress or difficulty 4. Rules are fixed, arbitrary, and inconsistently applied 5. Rules maintain status quo & are generated toward maintaining self-esteem of parents. 6. End result is chaos of family |
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Satire's Experiential Therapy
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Key Concepts: 1. Self-Esteem-individual & family 2. Communication-congruent & noncongruent 3. Roles of family members 4. Rules of the family 5. Human Mandala |
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Self-Esteem
(Satire's Experiential Therapy) |
- the value persons place on themselves & others regulated by appreciation & depreciation.
a. Individual-depends on level of autonomy from external validation
b. Family- value placed on the family by its members |
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Communication
(Satire's Experiential Therapy) |
the manner in which information is received and sent; primary influence on relationships; viewed as the self-worth of the foundation of the family. |
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Rules of Family (Satire's Experiential Therapy)
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Includes rigid rules and flexible rules |
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Human Mandala
(Satire's Experiential Therapy) |
1. Self is the core 2. Individual growth occurs through 8 aspects: a. physical body b. intellect c. emotions d. five senses e. social needs f. nutritional needs g. life space needs h. spiritual needs |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy |
Family model that: -emphasizes immediate here and now -therapy focus is quality of ongoing experience -emotional expression is the medium of shared experiences & means of fulfillment |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Family Model Treatment Goals: -help individuals grow & enable them do so in the context of their families -enable family members to experience |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Counselor's Role of this Family Model: 1. Is caring & enters system; role of expert is assumed & directives are offered to clients 2. Maintains a neutral stance 3. Gradually increases the level of anxiety experienced by family through phases of therapy 4. Through paradox, therapist escalates pressure to produce a psychotic-like episode so the clients will reintegrate in a new & meaningful manner |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Symptom's Role of Family Model: -symptom relief is viewed as important but is secondary to: a. increased personal integrity b. greater freedom of choice c. less dependence d. expanded experiencing |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Normal Family Development: 1. healthy families are able to self-actualize 2. grow despite the problems & pitfalls they encounter along the way 3. have similar processes of interaction demonstrating appropriate levels of autonomy & a high degree of role flexibility 4. members are free to join & separate as they choose 5. has its own set of stories & various systems are open & available fro interaction with the systems in their network 6. No one family member is the symptom-bearer. each member carries the symptoms from time to time |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Behavioral Disorder Development: 1. Dysfunctional families deny feelings & are either enmeshed or disengaged 2. Self-protective & avoid risk-taking 3. Rigid & mechanical rather than spontaneous & free 4. Believe that confrontation and open conflict would destroy the family so the family is unable to grow. 5. Alienation from experience, leading to lack of autonomy & intimacy is the key to a family's dysfunction. Portrayed both in individual problems & interpersonal relationships. 6. Battle for control of whose family orgins will provide the model for procreation also plays a role in dysfunction |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Key Concepts of Family Therapy: 1. Model is pragmatic & nontheoretical 2. theorist refused to create a systemic model. bc he believed that one should substitute theory with experience & the ability to allow the process of therapy to unfold in an authentic and responsible manner. 3. Personality of therapist is the key instrument in therapy. |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Three phases of therapy: a. engagement in which joining takes place b. involvement is longest phase of therapy. involves highest level of change for therapeutic process. as clients are more committed to therapy, more invested in change occurring. c. disentanglement is final phase & involves gradual separation of therapist from clients. Therapist should have empowered clients & reinforced the need for continued growth. |
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Whitaker's Experiential Therapy
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Techniques of Family Therapy:
1. Three phases - engagement, involvement & disentanglement 2. Redefining symptoms- as efforts for growth 3. Modeling-fantasy alternatives to real-life stress 4. Separating interpersonal stress & intrapersonal stress 5. Adding practical bits of intervention 6. Augmenting the despair of family members 7. Affective confrontation is focus on & emphasis on exploration of feelings. 8. Treating children like children & not like peers. |
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Structural Family Therapy |
-Salvador Minuchin -theory of family structure -families come into therapy because they see themselves as stuck -therapy is designed to unfreeze a family from rigid patterns of behavior & to create opportunities for new structures to emerge. |
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Structural Family Therapy
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Treatment Goals of Family Therapy: 1. Change the underlying systemic structure of the family & thereby address the presenting problems. 2. Secondary goals specific to the problem are determined by diagnosis of the structure & the therapeutic stage. |
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Structural Family Therapy
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Counselor's Role of Family Therapy: 1. become an active participant in the system order to change the structure 2. take on role of expert & become active & directive 3. encouraged to use a flexible approach & integrate his/her personal style |
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Structural Family Therapy
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Symptom's Role of Family Therapy: 1. One family member will serve as the symptom bearer in order to relieve pressure from the dysfunctional family system 2. Family is then enabled to focus its attention on the symptom bearer rather than on the pain it is experiencing |
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Structural Family Therapy
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Normal Family Development of Family Model: Four Stages of Development: 1. Couple formation- two individuals negotiate boundaries with families of origin, divergent life styles & develop rules of interaction 2. Family with young children- stage in which the martial dyad structure reorganizes to adapt to the role of parents. 3. Family with school age & adolescent children takes family into a phase of interaction with external systems such as the school system & peers. family deals with issues relating to loss of parental control & increasing autonomy of children. 4. Family with grown children- reorganizes its structure from parental to adult-to-adult interaction. |
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Structural Family Therapy
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Behavioral Disorder Development in Family: 1. Disorders occur when family structures are infallible & cannot adjust to developmental or environmental stressors 2. Dysfunction arises when family cannot realign in order to meet the challenges 3. Inflexibility due to inherent flaws in structure or the inability to transition to the next family stage 4. Four forms of Pathology associated with this structural perspective: a. boundaries- too rigid or too diffuse b. alliances- relationships that are not conducive to family functioning are either conflict detouring or inappropriate cross-generational coalitions c. triad (triangles)- two members have an alliance against a third member d. hierarchy- a child is parentified & a parent is excluded from the parental subsystem |
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Family Structure (Structural Family Therapy)
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the invisible covert system of functional demands or codes that organize the way family members interact with one another a. internal organization that dictates how, when, and to whom to relate b. shaped partly by universal & partly by idiosyncratic constraints |
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Family Subsystems
(Structural Family Therapy) |
- components of a family's structure - exist to carry out various family tasks necessary for the functioning of the system - subsystems are defined by interpersonal boundaries and rules of membership -subsystems may be temporary alliances (father, son) or long-term (parents, siblings) -most common subsystems are spousal, parental and sibling |
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Structural Family Therapy
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Key Concepts of Family Therapy: 1. family structure 2. family subsystems 3. boundaries 4. alignments, power & coalitions
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Boundaries
(Structural Family Therapy) |
invisible barriers to regulate contact between individuals. degree of permeability (on a continuum from rigid to diffuse) determines the level of contact.
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Rigid Boundaries (Structural Family Therapy)
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-leads to permeable barriers between subsystems
- results in disengaged family member in which the subsystems are separate & distinct -although autonomy is maintained in a disengaged family, it is at the expense of nurturance, closeness and involvement. |
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Diffuse Boundaries
(Structural Family Therapy) |
-excessively blurred and indistinct
-system is referred to as being enmeshed in which proximity & intensity in family interactions is extreme & family members are over involved in each other's lives -family members have difficulty developing relationships outside the family system |
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Clearly Defined Boundaries
(Structural Family Therapy) |
- boundaries in subsystems within families that help maintain separateness yet at the same time emphasize connection to the overall family system.
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Alignments/Alliances (Structural Family Therapy) |
emotional or psychological connections hat are defined by the way family members join together or oppose each other. |
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Triangle (Structural Family Therapy) |
a dysfunctional alignment that refers to an individual aligning with another against a third individual |
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Power (Structural Family Therapy) |
-has to do with both authority and responsibility -refers to the relative influence of each family member on an operation's outcome |
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Coalitions (Structural Family Therapy) |
alliances between specific family members against a third
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Stable Coalitions (Structural Family Therapy)
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fixed & inflexible connections among family members that become a part of family life.
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Detouring Coalitions
(Structural Family Therapy) |
when a conflictual pair holds a third family member responsible for their difficulties, thus decreasing the stress on themselves or their relationship. |
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Parental Success (Structural Family Therapy) |
For this to happen there must be clearly defined: a. generational boundaries b. alignments between parents on key issues c. rules related to power & authority |
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Structural Family Therapy |
Techniques: 1. Joining & Accommodating Techniques 2. Restructuring Techniques |
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Joining & Accommodating Techniques (Structural Family Family) |
techniques for the purpose of establishing an effective working relationship between the counselor and the client system 1. accommodation 2. maintenance 3. tracking 4. mimesis |
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Accommodation (Structural Family Therapy) |
occurs when therapist modifies language, tone or style in order to join in with the clients. |
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Maintenance (Structural Family Therapy) |
the act for the therapist in focusing or highlighting certain behaviors in order to increase the functional aspects of the family structure |
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Tracking (Structural Family Therapy) |
the use of clarification or amplification of communicate to reinforce individuals or subsystems |
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Mimesis (Structural Family Therapy) |
the adoption of the clients' communication style by the therapist |
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Restructuring Techniques (Structural Family Therapy) |
techniques that directly impact the family structure 1. structural map 2. enactment 3. escalation of stress 4. boundary making 5. utilizing the symptom 6. mood manipulation 7. support, education & guidance |
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Structural Map (Structural Family Therapy) |
a symbolic representation of a family's structure that places emphasis on boundaries and coalitions. |
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Enactment (Structural Family Therapy) |
occurs when the therapist directs the family to perform an interaction. Can be directly related to the presenting problem or be more benign. |
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Escalation of Stress (Structural Family Therapy) |
the heightening of tension in the family in order to force the members to accept the restructuring |
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Boundary Making (Structural Family Therapy) |
takes place as the therapist assists family in setting new boundary rules, renegotiating old rules, or establishing specific functions for each subsystem |
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Utilizing the Symptom (Structural Family Therapy) |
occurs when the therapist changes the function of the symptom in the family by encouraging, de-emphasizing, or re-labeling it. |
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Mood Manipulation (Structural Family Therapy) |
occurs as the therapist attempts to change the mood or pacing of the family in order to bring more energy to the session or lead the family to a more reflective frame of mind |
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Support, Education & Guidance (Structural Family Therapy) |
takes place as the therapist provides instructions to the family for various presented needs |
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Strategic Family Therapy |
- Joe Haley & Cloe Madanes -views families as rule-governed systems -symptoms are believed to be maintained by the system and to likewise maintain system -family is prevented from achieving its purpose as a family by ongoing destructive cycles of interaction |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Treatment Goals of Family Therapy: 1. address the presenting problem 2. address the relational dynamics connected to the symptom but are to avoid working toward insight into relational processes |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Counselor's Role in Family Therapy: 1. neutral, directive, and in control of sessions 2. take on role of an expert 3. maintain focus on the problem 4. provides a supportive yet challenging environment |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Symptom's Role in Family Therapy" 1. symptoms serve the purpose of maintaining family systems 2. symptom is a strategy used for controlling a relationship when other strategies have failed 3. vying for control is seen as inevitable 4. becomes pathological only when one or both partners deny their attempts to control |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Normal Family Development : 1. family is viewed as it progresses through a family life cycle consisting of stages: a. marriage b. birth of first child c. reduction in family size d. advanced aging 2. family moves from one stage to the next, has an open system 3. clear boundaries, adaptability & organization 4. parents are at the top of family hierarchy 5. clear communication is utilized to face challenges of transition from one stage to next |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Behavioral Disorders in Family: 1. hierarchical structure is unclear or inappropriate 2. problems are addressed at an inappropriate level 3. families either deny a problem exists or create a problem where none exists. |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Key Concepts & Terms of Family Model: 1. Hierarchy 2. Alliances & coalitions 3. Communication 4. Symptoms 5. Presenting problem 6. Power |
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Hierarchy (Strategic Family Therapy) |
the decision-making structure of a family. based on age, gender, roles, or education |
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Alliances & Coalitions (Strategic Family Therapy) |
formed by the joining of two family members against a third; disrupts the family hierarchy by placing a child in a parental role |
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Communication (Strategic Family Therapy) |
Two levels in this family model: 1. Digital communication-content focused; rigid, typically transmitted to one referent; difficulty occurs when only one digital communication is accepted as relevant without taking other forms of communication into consideration. 2. Analogic communication- conveyed through body language & symbolism; therapist must have understanding of this form of communication among individual s i order to view the problem within a relational context. |
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Symptoms (Strategic Family Therapy)
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family model that sees patterns of family interaction that have become problematic within system; root of the concern bringing family into therapy |
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Presenting Problem (Strategic Family Therapy) |
In this family model, the problem stated by the family that brings the family into therapy |
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Power (Strategic Family Therapy)
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Family model term that refers to the struggle to be in control & to make the rules of the family. |
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Strategic Family Therapy
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Family Model Techniques: 1. Directives 2. Empowerment 3. Structured interview |
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Directives (Strategic Family Therapy) |
assignments given by the therapist to be performed between sessions; are a key intervention & are either straightforward or paradoxical |
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Straightforward Directives (Strategic Family Therapy) |
Directives that include advice, explanations, or suggestions; expected that family will not resist the task; designed to change the interactional sequence of the family
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Metaphorical Tasks (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which tasks that are given do not directly relate to the problem but indirectly facilitates change due to the symbolism & content |
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Devils's Pact (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which the family makes a commitment to follow a rigorous task before the task is disclosed by the therapist |
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Paradoxical Directives (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique that involves tasks in which success is based on either the family defying the instructions or following them to an absurd extreme and withdrawing. |
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Reframe (Strategic Family Therapy) |
therapist offers an alternative, typically positive, view of the presenting problem that impacts the cognitions and behavior of the family |
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Prescribing the Problem (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which the client is directed to perform the symptomatic behavior. If client follows directive, they are demonstrating control of the symptom; if resistance occurs, they demonstrate that he/she can give up the symptom |
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Restraining Changes (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which the family begins to change, the therapist warns them against changing too fast; prepares family for relapse. |
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Ordeals (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which the therapist prescribes an ordeal that is equal or greater than the distress of the symptom itself; task makes it more difficult for family to have the symptom than to give it up |
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Pretend Technique (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which the identified parent is asked to pretend to have the symptomatic behavior & other family members are asked to pretend to help; changes the context & places the symptom under control |
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Empowerment (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family therapy technique that bolsters the morale of the family; therapist reframes the therapeutic context and symptoms by focusing on the successes they have had. |
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Structured Interview (Strategic Family Therapy) |
family model technique in which the therapist utilizes interview skills to obtain an assessment and diagnosis of the family |
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Congruent Communication
(Satir's Experiential Family Therapy) |
clear, direct communication at the verbal & nonverbal levels; feelings & experiences are matched by words.
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Non-Congruent Communication
(Satir's Experiential Family Model) |
involves distorted, incomplete messages that are ambiguous and typically involves double binds.
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Rigid Rules (Satire's Experiential Therapy)
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rules associated with dysfunction; little possible change in rules regardless of circumstances or family development
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Flexible Rules (Satire's Experiential Therapy)
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rules are present in families with congruent communication
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