Family Therapy

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Psychodynamic Family Therapy

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Key Words:

-integration of psychoanalytic theory, object relations theory & family therapy

-principles of listening

-responding to the unconscious

-developing insight

-working with transference & countertransference

-interpreting

Family is perceived as a system made up of sets of relationships that function in unique ways to that family system

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Psychodynamic Family Therapy

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Treatment Goals:

1. Understand the development of individual personality as it relates to the paren-child relationship.

2. "Expand the family's capacity to perform holding functions for its members

3. Aid family in expressing true understanding and compassion

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Psychodynamic Family Therapy

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Counselor's Role:

provide a safe environment in which unconscious object relations that are interfering with current relationships can be understood and resolved

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Psychodynamic Family Therapy

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Symptom Role:

symptom serves purpose of aiding the therapist in identification of the ego identity and the factors involved in its evolution. Focus shifts from symptom to the relationship to the objects

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Psychodynamic Family Therapy

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Normal Family Development:

process of introjection & identification determine: personality, organization of mental processes & how individual relate to each other

Key Issues in Development:

1. internalization & externalization of relationships

2. attachment & separation

3. introjection & projection

4. transmuting internalization

Behavior Disorders Development:

behavior disorders develop when children mistakenly attribute the qualities of one person to another person resulting in distorted perceptions.

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Object Relations Theory

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Combination of the study of individuals and their basic motives (psychoanalysis) and the study of social relationships (family therapy).

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Splitting

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Refers to children separating their internal world into good & bad aspects. An evolving process consistent with their developmental stage

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Object Relations Theory

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Four Phases of Development:

1. Differentiation

2. Practicing

3. Rapprochement

4. Object relations constancy

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Differentiation

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occurs when children develop to the point that they can explore aspects of mother and others

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Practicing

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The stage in which children explore the world

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Rapprochement

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Occurs as children have an increased awareness of their vulnerability and separateness. They repeatedly return to mother for reassurance.

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Object Relations Constancy

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Achieved as child realizes one's separation but relatedness to one's parents

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Transference

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Refers to elements of an individual's earlier experience and suggests that a person is being related to based on an amended version of the other person involved.

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Countertransference

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The reciprocal interaction of the other person in the face of transference.

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Internal Objects

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Mental images of the self and others built from experience and expectation.

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Internalization

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Introjection

Identification

Ego Identity

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Introjection

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"Refers to the child reproducing and fixating one's interactions with the environment by organizing memory that include images of the object, the self interacting with the object and the associate affect (can be good or bad)"

(Nichols & Schwartz, 2001, p. 204.)

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Identification

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Involves the internalization of a role. Child takes on certain roles and behaves as parent's did.

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Ego Identity

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A synthesis of identifications and introjections

Provides a sense of coherence and continuity

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Holding Environment

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Emphasizes the red for closeness yet separateness in order to achieve whole object relations

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Transitional Objects

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Neither self nor object yet are treated as if they were the beloved parent and self

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Pyschodynamic Techniques

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1. Recognition & Reworking of defensive projective identifications that have been required in family.

2. Provide contextual holding for family members so their attachment needs & condition for growth may be achieved.

3. Reinstatement or construction of necessary holding relationships between each member to support needs for attachment, individuation & growth.

4. Return of family to overall development level appropriate to its tasks as determined by own preferences & by needs of family members.

5. Clarification of Needs so they can be met with as much support as is needed from the family.