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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the Nuclear family?
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The nuclear family is based on 2 adults of opposite sex with kids
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What is a Household?
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This is when a group of people who live under the same roof and share certain actions, such as cooking together, eating together but these people are not necessarily related
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According to Murdock (1948), the family is ___________
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Universal
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What 4 functions does the family meet according to Murdock?
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- Stable Satisfaction of the sex drive with the same partner, preventing the social disruption caused by a sexual free for all.
- Reproduction of the next generation , to keep society going -Socialisation of the young into societies shared normal and values -Meeting it's member economic need such as shelter and food |
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Murdock excepts that other institutions could perform these functions but argues that the...
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sheer practicality of the nuclear family meeting all four needs is a reason to why it's universal as it's found in all human societies.
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How does Feminists criticised functionalists?
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They see the family as serving the needs of the men and oppressing women
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How does Marxists criticise functionalists?
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They argue that it meets the needs of capitalism and not family members or society as a whole
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How many societies did Murdock study and what did he conclude?
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He studied 250 different societies over the world and concluded the nuclear family is universal
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What tribe is supporting the Murdocks idea and how?
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The Banaro Tribe in New Guinea
this is where the husband cannot have serial relations with his wife until she has bore a child from one of her fathers friend. The parent-child relationship would not be biological but they still fulfilled the roles of a nuclear family and it's functions. He concluded that the structure may be different in each society but the nuclear family was still present. |
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What evidence does Gough (she) use to argue that the nuclear family is not universal?
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She argues that cultures differ from society to society and therefore families also differ.
The Nayor Tribe in Southern India ie an evidence. Girls were ritually married before puberty but did not have to live, have contact, or mourn her husbands death (no obligation to). Once near puberty girls could take as many visiting husbands as they like. (men often warriors). They would visit one of the wives after supper, have sequel relations with her and leave before breakfast. |
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How did Gough claim the tribe disproved the universal family?
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1. It was not a lifelong companion
2. The husbands had no duty to there wives 3. It was not an economic unit 4. Matrilineal society 5. No sexually approved relationships |
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What is the IK tribe?
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This is the Israeli Kibbtzim in the modern state of Israel
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How does the IK tribe disprove the nuclear family being universal?
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Money and property was controlled by the community as a whole.
After a short time with their parents, children were taken away to be brought up by specially trained nurses and teachers. Parebts could see children for a few hours a day. Contrary to many expectations the children did not suffer physiologically as a result. Thus, the functions of a nuclear family may be replaced. |
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Other agencies providing the sexual function?
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Prostitutes and pornography
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Other agencies providing reproductive function?
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IVF and adoption
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Other agencies providing Economic function?
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Government and welfare state
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Other agencies providing socialisation function?
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schools and religions
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What is Parsons 'functional fit' (1955) theory?
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He believes that the functions a family performs will depend on the kind of society in which it's found.
Furthermore, the functions it performs would characterise it's shape and family type. |
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What society does an extended family fit in and how?
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It fits in a pre-industrial society as more people were needed in a family to help look after the family and the farm.
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What society does a nuclear family fit in?
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It fits in a modern industrial society because of geographical mobility and social mobility
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How has the family lost its functions according to Parsons?
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He argues this happened when society industrialised as the family changed its structure and in doing so, it lost many of its functions. e.g it moved from a unit of production (farms) to a unit of consumption.
This is a positive according to parsons as it enables the family to specialise in two irreducible functions that no other institution van provide. |
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whar are the two irreducible function?
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1. Primary socialisation
2. Stabilisation of the adult personalities |
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What is primary socialisation?
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teaches children the basic norms and values of a society. The child internalise the societies culture and this ensure value consensus is maintained
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What is stabilisation of adult personalities?
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family provides stability and emotional security, a safe heaven away from everyday life.
unstable personalities can threaten stability and the smooth running of society |
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Positives of the functionalist theory?
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-Primary socialisation teaches the kids the basic norms
-values and morals of family and community is passed on generations |
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Negative of the functionalist theory?
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- doss not show why many families with role reversals work well
-ignores domestic violence -ignores inequality and oppression of women. -Murdock research is outdated -too positive |
