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96 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Official Poverty Line
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minimum amount required for living at subsistence level
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Low Income Cutoff
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income level where family spends 55% on basic necessities of life
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POVERTY VIDEO
- definition - First Nation - province with highest rate |
- experience of not being able to obtain basic life needs
- 1/4 first nation children are in poverty - BC |
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Highest Child Poverty in Canada
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1. Nunavut
2. NWT |
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Food Bank Use in CAnada
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Highest in BC, and Prairies
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5 myths about food banks
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1. food banks create dependence among the people they help
2. Many people who use food banks don't really need them 3. Those who use food banks do not work 4. people who use food banks lack an education 5. food banks don't provide any other services |
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6 Myths about Social Assisstance Programs
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1. People receiving welfare are lazy and have no work ethic
2. welfare benefits are granted to many people not eligible to receive them and welfare fraud is rampant 3. most welfare parents are teenagers 4. most welfare mothers have many children 5. unmarried women have children to get benefits and single mothers continue to have children 6. Almost all people on welfare are adults |
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Model of Divorce
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1. Deviancy Model
2. Opportunity for personal growth |
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Predictor of Divorce
- Microsociological |
- Do not get along, economic problems
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Predictor of Divorce
- Mesosociological - Age |
Age
- at marriage --> lower age of marriage - fewer divorces - religion - childbearing |
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Age Gap
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norm in Canada - 2 to 3 year gap
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Predictor of Divorce
- Mesosociological - Cohabitation |
Higher rate if longer period of time together before marriage
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Predictor of Divorce
-Mesosociological - REmarriage |
2nd marriage 10% higher rate of divorce
Subsequent Marriage - even higher |
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Parental Divorce
- Pessimistic vs. Optimistic |
doubt success of marriage likely
aware of options available |
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Predictor of Divorce
- Presence of Children --> shotgun weddings? --> braking hypothesis --> Childless Couples |
Shotgun Wedding
- marriage because of accidental pregnancy Braking Hypothesis - ?? Childless Couples - emphasis on marital satisfaction - delay or have children due to problems |
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Couples With Boys
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less likely to divorce
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Duration of Marriage on Divorce
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Inverted U shape
- lowest in 1st year - highest in 3rd and 4th - decline after 4 year |
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Geographic Region
- Urban vs. Rural - Social Integration Hypothesis |
Highest in West lower toward East
- EXCEPT QUEBEC Urban vs. Rural - Higher in Urban Social integration Hypothesis - marriage to integrate with society |
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Predictor of Divorce
- Socioeconomic Status |
Lower socioeconomic status more likely to divorce.
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Homogeneity
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Same significant social characteristics
- age, education, race, religion |
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Macrosociological Predictors of Divorce (4)
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1. Changes in Institution of Family
2. Economic Cycles 3. Gender Role expectations 4. Cultural Values |
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VIDEO: Kids and Divorce for better or worse
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Blame themselves, afraid, confused
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2 myths of Remarriage families
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1. Brady Bunch
2. Wicked Stepmother |
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VIDEO: Growing Up Online
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ANA - anorexic forums
Bullying is extended, cyberbullying |
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VIDEO: Fired over Facebook
D You Know what your kids are Texting? |
- teacher called kids "germbags" on wall (fired)
- texting makes you feel pleasure like a drug (heroine), addiction |
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VIDEO: Transforming Gender
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- Can occur at any time in the life cycle
- Discrimination, transphobia, no access to jobs or housing, more vulnerable to assault |
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Wife Assault Normalized
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2500 B.C
- a man could beat wife with brick engraved with her name for talking back Middle Ages - wives could be burnt at stake - rule of thumb (beat wife with stick no thicker than thumb Women in 1800s - expected to adhere ti husband standards victimized in public and private Today -media -pop culture |
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Risk Factors for Wife Assault (4)
- Aboriginal women - younger women |
Aboriginal women
- murder 8x higher - abuse 3.5x higher Younger Women - Violent crime 42% higher -Murder 3x higher -Sexual Assault 66% under 24 years Women with Disabilities Newcomers to Canada |
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VIDEO: My Secret Self
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youngest to be trans, 5 years old, Jas
love Mermaids, because they have no genitillia |
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VIDEO: The Pregnant Man
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Was a model as a girl, became a man. Got pregnant
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VIDEO: Spencer West
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- He has no lower half, climbed mount kilamanjaro
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VIDEO: Patrick Hughes
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Born blind and crippled from birth.
- could play piano from age 2 - Made the Louisville Marching Band |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
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50% of pregnancies unintended
- 1 million cost/ person/ year |
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Ben's Medical (FASD)
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Neurological Damage (all 5 senses)
Motor Control and Balance Sensory Dysfunction - cant feel pain Joint Disorder - curved spine Oral deficits |
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VIDEO: Jasmine O'Connor living with FASD
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slept 24 hours a day, no focus, cant memorize, not okay to drink while pregnant
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Honor Killings
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killing of young women in India, Pakistan and Middle East. 5000 killings a year
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Cycle of Abuse (3)
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Honeymoon Phase
- abuser demonstrates loving behaviour, makes promises to change, victim believes him. Tension-Building Phase - abuser becomes edgy and has minor explosions, victim is "walking on eggshells Explosive Phase - the tension becomes unbearable and the abuser explodes . most sever abuse occurs. victim may try to hide injury or find help |
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Declining Rates of Violence against women
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Increased Social Equality
- financial freedom for women Groups working to end domestic violence - public awareness, community services, legislation |
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PSAs
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Superbowl ad ordering pizza
Australian ad - giving him a bat - if you do nothing may as well help |
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Domestic Violence Against Males
-Taken Less Seriously Why? |
Men and women equally at risk of violent victimization
-85% of domestic homicide is women - less data exists, women's abuse is more visible and severe, men don't acknowledge abuse |
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2 prevailing views of history
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1. The future advaces in the same direction
2. Society with fewer clear values, more social problems, less stabiliy, and less certainty |
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VIDEO: Mars Venus or Planet Earth (Michael Kimmel)
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Men are from Mars, Women are from Venus
- so fundamentally different from different planet Kimmel Explains that men and women are actually the same than different. Women made gender visible, Women's work family balance have changed, womens sexuality has changed, sexual assault is mens choice not women |
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Future of the Canadian Family
- rates |
-divorce rates increased
-marriage rates increase -cohabitation increase -adults living alone increased - childbearing decreased |
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Future of family
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multi earner families are the norm
- women continue the work family balance -more equal unpaid work -children will experience more transitions as parents change their marital status |
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Future Change and Continuity
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Family violence continues to be under-reported
socioeconomic inequality between families worsening number of aging families will increase |
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Absolute Poverty
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essential basket of goods and services deemed necessary for survival
- food, shelter, clothing,healthcare World bank, Fraser Institute |
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Relative Poverty
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Exclusion from mainstream resources, opportunities, and sources of well-being
relative to social standards of normal and wealthy. subjective. Canadian Council on Social Development |
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Low-Income Cut-Off
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Considers community, family
poverty lines are set at a level where a family spends significantly more of its income on food, clothing, and housing than the average family. Statistics Canada |
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Market Basket Measure
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includes allowances for food, household expenses, clothing, personal needs, furniture, phone, and entertainment.
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Duration
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how long experience of poverty lasts
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Depth of Poverty
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the amount a family or individual income income is below the poverty line
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Economic Security
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stable standard of living that provides individuals and families with dignity in all aspects. Security goes beyond
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Blame the Victim
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focuses on personal sources sources and places blame squarely on the shoulders of the individual
Herbert Spencer - poverty because individual "unfit" |
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Culture of Poverty
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certain cultures restrict people from reaching their potential. devalue education and middle class values
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Working Poor
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In poverty but have a job
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FEminization of Poverty
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single mothers at highest risk of living in poverty.
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Marginalization
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occurs when individuals are systematically excluded from meaningful participation in communities.
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Heteronormativity
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results in social, institutional, and legal practices that reinforce heterosexuality as the normal, natural, taken-for-granted sexuality
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Intergenerational Ambivalence
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refers to contradictory emotions or the coexistence of both positive and negative feelings within general relationships
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3 consequences of gay marriage
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1. children will grow up to be maladjusted because of social stigma
2. offspring will be sexually molested by their parents or associates 3. that children will grow up to become homosexual |
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GID
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Gender Identity Disorder
-transexual transgender |
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Bi-Nuclear Family
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is created when both the mother and father act as parents to their children following divorce, although they maintain separate residences
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Crude Divorce Rate
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calculated as the number of divorces in a given year divided by the mid-year population
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Joint Custody
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defined as the legal right and responsibility of both parents to make decisions and care for their children following a divorce
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Sleeper Effect
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manifests itself as a problem or set of problems that emerge long after a stressful or traumatic event is experienced, such as divorce
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Caregiver Burden
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refers to problems and stress due to caregiving, such as depression and psychological distress
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Health
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complete physical, mental, and social well being
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Social Determinants of Health
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socio-economic, political, cultural, and environmental forces and factors that influence our health status
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social epidemiology
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empirical study of the sociocultural , forces that shape patterns of disease and death in human populations
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Social Model of Disability
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emphasizes the external obstacles that limit "ableness" rather than individual characteristics
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HRQoL
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Health Related Quality of Life
coping with Death of a Family Member |
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Disability
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focus on social structure, rather than biomedical
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Cradle of Violence
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refers to how the family environment is a potential birthplace of family violence, since it is the key agent of socialization
Social Learning Theory |
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Double ABCX model of stress
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extends the ABCX model of stress, with its focus on pile-up events and the family's access to resources during crisis events
ability to cope depends on family circumstance when stressor experienced |
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Ecological Perspective of family violence
4 levels |
1. Macro (societal)
2. Meso (community) 3. Exo (relationship) 4. Micro (individual) |
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Primary Prevention
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geared toward preventing family violence and abuse in the first place and can be distinguished from intervention strategies
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Secondary Prevention
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entails working with at-risk groups for violence and abuse
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Tertiary Prevention
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refers to treatment or interventions to keep abuse from recurring
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Violence
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intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against self or another, or group that results in someone getting hurt
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Interpersonal Violence
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family violence
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Community Violence
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between individuals who are not related or may not know eachother
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Self-Directed
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harm to oneself
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Financial abuse and neglect
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misuse of money or property, stealing, forging signatures
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Neglect
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failing to meet the needs of family members. denial of food, water, health
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Consanguine
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sexual abuse from blood relatives
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Why do People Abuse (3)
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1. violence as individual pathology
2. violence as learned behaviour 3. violence as a by-product of environmental stressors |
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Family Ideology
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Incorporate a set of family-related values and beliefs that reflect the interests and beliefs of a social group or society and forms political action
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Family Policy
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can be defined as a coherent set of principles about the state's role in family-life, which is implemented through legislation or a plan of action
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Neo-Liberalism
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supports restructuring of welfare societies to better meet demands of a global market economy
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Welfare State
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range of government -sponsored programs and legislations designed to improve the social and economic well-being of families and individuals, particularly in times of need.
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Family Policy divided into 3 categories
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1. laws relating to family issues (divorce)
2. policies to help family income 3. provision of direct services (child care, home care) |
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2 models of the family
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1. Patriarchal Model of the Family
--> father is responsible for economic well-being, wife responsible for care of family 2. Individual Responsibility Model ---> each is viewed as responsible for his or her own support, and each responsible for personal care of family |
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Double Squeeze
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work/family challenges
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Triple Jeopardy
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elderly, ethnic minority, women
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The New DEal
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Time dividend to families. Give families more time.
1. extend parental leave 2. $10/day child care services 3. Flex-time for employees and employers |
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ABCX model |
A - stressor event B- crisis meeting resources C - definition the family makes of the event X - the crisis |
