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261 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Prior to the industrial revolution, we often though of youth as how we now think of ___
|
young adulthood
|
|
two key changes with the industrial revolution that ultimately served to increase the trasition period between childhood and adulthood
|
1) shift from agrarian to industrial
2_ shift from home-based work to business/factory work |
|
canadian legislation from 1880s onward did what
|
restricted the use of child labour
- a lot of this due to male workers lobbying (they took their jobs) |
|
problem with this legislation?
|
moved youth to the streets where some had to steal to survive
|
|
reaction to this?
|
members of middle class lobbied for complusary education as a means of civilizing these youth
|
|
however, this was not restricted to ___
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lower class youth
|
|
conventional tinking at this time saw rebellion as a ____
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natural part of adolescence
|
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____ was on the leading edge of this work, ad was well known for his belief in the association between ____ and ____
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stanley Hall.... biological development and deviant behaviour
|
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when did the idea of "teenager" come about?
|
post world war two
|
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the most noticeable of the consumer/popular cilture changes according to hall and jefferson was ___
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the sharp increase in birth rate from 1945 onward (baby boom)- meant an increase of youth
|
|
tweens was developed when?
|
in the 80s=== 9-14 year olds
|
|
kidfluence
|
the influence young people have over household purchases
|
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Bibby found the top three daily activities for Canadian teens, both male and female, were:
|
1) computer
2) tv 3) listening to music - followed by cell and text |
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most influence over purchases?
|
tv
|
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only one in __ young people regard advertising as having a high level of influence on them
|
4
|
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when asked to rank top sources of enjoyment, the top answer for both males and females was ____
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friends (freedom also ranked important)
|
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the number of close friends youth has is ____,.. why?
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increasig - we consider more people close friends because of communication through technology
|
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some theorists feel youth are reactive and proactive agents who often use activities to do three things:
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1) resist mainstream influence
2) react to marginalization 3) negotiate their ever-evolving identities |
|
Satellite children
|
term firs used in the 80s to describe children whose parents are Chinese immigrants to NA and who have returned to their country of origin after immigration (separated couples called astronauts)
|
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researchers say ethnic minority is not something people are born with,.... it is ____
|
socially constructed
|
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who are the proponents of the view that youth are social dupers (passive)
|
frankfurt school of social research- criticisex modern capitalism
|
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what did the original proponents of this view do
|
escaped Germany and went to the USA because they did not like the Nazi party- however, when escaping, they foun America had control through culture
|
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the second argument is that youth are active and carrying out symbolic resistance- who is involved in this?
|
centre for contemporary cultural studies in england
|
|
what is central to this analysis?
|
hegemony- (gramsci)= refers to the ways groups in power are able to maintain their privleged position by developing strategies to ensure that marginal/oppressed groupps consent to their power
|
|
gramsci also recognized the potential for counter-hegemony
|
the potential for marginal groups to fight back against the forces that oppress them
- it was this potential that led people at the CCCS to interpret the styles of youth members to be proactive responses to their marinalization position "resisting through rituals" |
|
how does this resistance take form?
|
they are largely symbolic/magical.. and not direct challenges to authority
|
|
what could this mean then (2)
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1) youth not truely counter-hegemonic- activities dont actually change things
2) their participating should be akwnowelged, and saying it doesnt make a difference is insensitivie |
|
neo tribe
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Bennett feels this term is more relevant than 'subculture' because youths identities are complex and fluid
|
|
Ideological state apparatus
|
this is what althusser calls families- sense of a social institution that reflects and maintains particular power arragements
|
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what are opponents of same sex marriage so afraid of? (3)
|
1) redistribution of power
2) rupture of systems that guide some straight peoples' lives 3) withdrawl of consent to the current power arrangement |
|
complusary heterosexuality
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the system of thought that says heterosexual relationships are the only good/natural ones (same thing as heteronormativity)
|
|
gender variant
|
those who identify their gender outside the normal binary system, who may be fluid in gender presentation, or who may simply not conform to the conventions of gender identity or gender expression from their birth sex
|
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intersectionality
|
looking at how multiple identities shape peoples' experiences of oppression/privledge
|
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the 2001 census asked for the first time people to identify their same sex status .. and about __% of gay couples are married
|
16
|
|
Hicks feels that claims to be a "real family" by homos are about ____
|
challenging norms and asserting different ways of life- not about the desire to be 'normal'
|
|
1969
|
homosexuality legalized (people over 21 could have relationships but they had no legal or social status)
|
|
how do children of gays develop
|
there are few differences in emotional, social, and development
|
|
two sepcific issues to gay parents and their children
|
1) external origin: discrimination
2) diclosing identtit to children |
|
adoption more common for __
|
male same sex couples (less likely to have custody of children from previous relationships)
|
|
lesbian couples most often attempt a ___
|
equal division of labour (even if one is sterotypically feminine and the other masculine)
|
|
parents may adopt 2 strategies to cope with homophobia:
|
1) select schools with diversity reputations
2) remain closeted in school interactions- i.e. have one parent make all the contacts |
|
about one in ___ LGBTQ students feel comfy talking to one of their parents about it
|
5
|
|
who is most likely to feel unsafe at school?
|
transgenders
|
|
foucault calls these problems ___
|
"the last socially acceptable prejudice"
|
|
homos are more likely to have been involved in a ___
|
pregnancy
|
|
Montaigne
|
"marriage is like a cage; one sees the bird outside desperate to get in, and those inside equally desperate to get out"
|
|
wives often have a more ___ ground for divorce
|
definitive
|
|
until the late 60's, canada had one of the ____ divorce rates among all industrialized nations
|
lowest
|
|
crude divorce rate (often used)
|
number of divorces per 100,000 population
|
|
according to the crude divorce rate, the rate in canada in the 20s was about
|
5
|
|
what does this reflect?
|
difficulties to getting a divorce
|
|
3 strengths of the 1968 divorce act
|
1) unlocked unhapy people from marriage
2) established federal uniformity across provinces/territories 3) established divorce as a secular process (and indirectly reduced religious hegemony on marriage dissolution) |
|
1987
|
peak year of divorce in Canada
|
|
why was the divorce act of 1968 only a partial liberation
|
the premise of "fault" was still retained: adultry, bigamy, beastiality, sodomy, rape, and homo- had to prove guilty
|
|
the more liberalized portion of this act allowed a ____ category
|
marriage breakdown- for living apart for no less than 3 years or for desertation no less than 5 years
|
|
more than ___ % of couples used the marriage breakdown category
|
30
|
|
three items from the marital offense category was retained in the 1985 act
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adultry, physical cruelty, mental cruelty
|
|
now you can get divorced based on ___
|
marital breakdown
|
|
around ___ % of marriages now dissolve on no fault grounds
|
95
|
|
other changes: (3)
|
- alimony became egalitarian version of support
- best interest of child - replaced custody term with "parental responsibility" |
|
the parental responsbilites and best interest of the child provisions of the 1985 divorce act were later clarified with ___
|
Bill C-22 (Child Centred Family Justice Strategy- looks at child support payments, liscences, uemployment benefits, lottery winnings, and jail sentences)
|
|
the 1985 divorce act somewhat ____ joint custody agreements, however, overall over __% of mothers get custody
|
increased, 80
|
|
why is the crude divorce rate crude?
|
because it is a young person phenomenon and not all members of the population are at similar risk...
|
|
therefore, some studies use the rate of __
|
divorces/per marriages/per year
|
|
problem with this
|
shorter duration marriages more likely to end than longer one
|
|
prior to '68, Quebec had the ___ divorce rate in Canada, but currently has the ___
|
lowest, highest
|
|
there are no theories specifically developed to udnerstand divorce,
|
instead, concepts from existing theories are borrowed
|
|
exchange theory (4)
|
-parallels microeconomic models
-interactionist -rational: do rewards outweigh costs? - principle of least interest |
|
conflict theory (3)
|
- macro
- looks at structural/cultural causes - families increasingly dependent on market |
|
conflict theory finds that violence against women and children show a ___ during periods of economic unrest
|
rise
|
|
conflict theorists find that divorce rates experience a ____ in major economic burtss, but they ___ shortly after recovery
|
lull, peak
|
|
feminist politcal economy
|
- looks at how societal values and ideas about women and men translate into inequalities of power, influence, and access to resources
|
|
liberal feminism (3)
|
- just soceity with equal opportunities
- interwoven with the recommendations of the Royal commission on the status of women in 1970 - seek change within an existing system without demanding structural changes |
|
which feminist movement changed the divorce laws
|
liberal
|
|
socialist feminism (3)
|
-address problems in public and private
- focus on double burden -introduced 'feminization of poverty' concept |
|
most hazourdous social correlate to divorce
|
inverse relatonship between divorce and age - the younger the couple marry, the more likely
|
|
mixed couples are about ___%
|
3
|
|
the popensity to form mixed marriages:
|
1) Japanese
2) Latin American 3) south asian 4) chinese |
|
which religion is most likely to marry out, and which three at least
|
protestants, least- muslims, hindus, and sikhs
|
|
since the divorce act of 85, ___ has been abolished and divorced spouses are expected to be ___
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alimony, self-sufficient, or reach self-sufficiency within a designated period of time
|
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women are no longer automatically entitled to ___
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maintenance
|
|
instead...
|
both women and men are entitled to seek spousal support, and only for a designated period of time-usually one year
- prologed support requires porrf of economic handicaps |
|
although these provisions may seem egalitatian, they nevertheless ignore the fact that marriages are ____
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not egalitarian unions
|
|
postdivorce support payments are now called
|
rehabilitative alimony
|
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only about __ to __ % of men receive child custody
|
10-12
|
|
approx __% of women raising families alone are poor
|
52
|
|
who gets blamed more for divorce?
|
women
|
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In Canada, about one in ___ marital relationships are violent
|
three
|
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heterington and kelly claimed that by the end of elementary school ____
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the development of children from divorced and intact families becomes more or less the same
|
|
sleeper effect
|
children appear to be just fine at the time, or following parental divorce, but start manifesting problems as they mature
|
|
stats can found 4 types of prevalent families:
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1) only his children (10%)
2) only her children (50%) 3)blended fam with no common children (8%) 4) blended fam with children in common (32%) |
|
proportion of step families is _-%
|
12
|
|
--% of marriages are remarriages
|
16
|
|
Bernard says the following is a problem with remarriage:
|
cream of crop women are picking from bottom of the barrel men
|
|
on average, first marriages last
|
12-14 years
|
|
satisfaction in second marriages is ___ than in first
|
second
|
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about half of criminal violence reported to police is in fact committed by ___
|
a family member
|
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--% of maltreatment on youth/children was done by parents or parental guardians (aside from sexual abuse which is more likely aquaintances/relatives)
|
80
|
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CSI
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Canadian incidence study- reportsof child abuse./begelct
- collected 5 years welfare workers/agencies - found 22 tpes of maltreatment |
|
what is a special category that the CSI uses
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"substantial risk of harm"
|
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substantiated cases
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those incidents where there is a balance of evidence to indicate that neglect or abuse has occurred
|
|
___ is the most common from of maltreatment in Canada
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neglect
|
|
what was the second and third?
|
second- exposure to domestic violence
3- pysical abuse |
|
Korbin categorizes violence towards children as occurring at three levels
|
1) individually (child maltreatment)
2) collectively (culturally sanctioned rites/practices) 3) structurally (as a result ofpoverty, inequality, etc) |
|
neglect, and therefore failure to provide, is explained more as a result of things like ____ than it is by some pathology/personal shortcoming
|
poverty, isolation, lack of support
|
|
one in __ Canadian children grow up in poverty, and one in ___ aboriginals do
|
10, 4
|
|
the canadian welfare state has been ____ since the early 90s
|
dismantling
|
|
problem with the new neoliberal policies
|
passive public policy that does not see poverty, etc as social problems but as atomized personal faiures
|
|
how many countires around the world have a full ban on child corporal punishment
|
24 not ours
|
|
instead, the _____ has been in Canada's criminal code since 1892
|
the defense of reasonable correction
|
|
the number of casesof child maltreatment is almost equal for
|
boys and girls
|
|
however, the type changes things... they are __ up to 7 years olf, more males among ___ and more females among ____
|
similar, 8-11. 12-15
|
|
girls are always more likely to experience sexual abuse, with the exceptoon of the ___ age category
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4-7
|
|
in the future, boys more likely to replicate the role of ___ and girls the ___
|
perp, victim
|
|
women in ___ experience more violence than women in ____
|
territories, provinces
|
|
over __% of all criminal assaults in Canada are against women
|
86
|
|
meso theories
|
look at level of group and interactions- often referred to as social psychological perspective
|
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What are the two most common mesos?
|
family systems theory and social learning theory
|
|
social learning theory (Bandura)
|
children learn agression from their parents and reproduce it in their own adult relationships (intergenerational theory)
|
|
how are meso theories of violence limited?
|
they are unable to account for the subtle and complex ways in which every act of violence is embedded in a larger social organization
|
|
feminism is a ___ perspective
|
meso
|
|
an immigrant women's violence risk may be ___ at first, but it ____ over time
|
lower, increases
|
|
in the past, the most common explanation for abuse of older adults was::
|
that it was provoked by stress on the person providing long-term care for the more dependent older adult
|
|
the most common explanations of today are as follows:
|
- web of dependency
- traits of abusive caregiver -situational stress -trangenerational violence - social isolation -pervasive societal power imbalances |
|
Cuber and Haroff's relationship typologies: (7)
|
1) vital relationships
2) total relationships 3) devitalized relationship 4) passive congenial relationship 5) conflictual habituated relationship 6) congenial reproductive familial relationship 7) cultural reproductive familial relationship |
|
vital relationships
|
- sharing/togetherness
-value relationship and think about it when alone - maintain separate existences |
|
total relationships
|
-novels
- different than vital in the sense that there is more sharing on intellectual/psychological levels - melt together - lovers and best friends |
|
devitalized relationship
|
-deeply in love with lots of sex early
-over time loses its shine and take eachother for granted - conflict is rare and relationship continues because of this and commonly shared duties - 1/3 of marriages - suscptible to divorce - compare past and present and are not satisfied |
|
passive congenial relationship
|
-similar to devitalized with the exception that couples do not have an early exciting past that has been hollowed
- harbour affection/respect are not dillusioned - level headness rather than passionate love was bases for marriage - compatibility in background is important - risk of divorce not high |
|
conflict habituated relationship
|
- tension and conflict
- argue for sake of it - were conflicted in dating - spousal abuse - stay together due to habit, lack of alternatives, and used to conflict - 10% of marriages |
|
congenital reproductive familial relationship
|
- arranged but with the childs participating
- cordial but not emotional - tradition - lead separate lives - extended fam important |
|
cultural reproductive familial relationship
|
- arranged without input
- links 2 families -no time alone except for sleep -often live with husband family - may be polygamous - at HIGH risk for abuse |
|
most middle class couples begin at the ____ stage, but a great proportion become ___ or ___
|
vital, conflictual, devitalized
|
|
two important elements of the DOL
|
who does what, and who is resposible for oganizing/managing
|
|
which types of relationships are more likely to be egalitarian
|
vital, total, or even passive-congenial
|
|
the equitable but gendered division of labour
|
a similar number of hours of work/child care, but each spouse does different tasks largely based on what is considered male or female (very common)
|
|
the specialist divison of labour- equitable
|
both spent the same number of hours but on different tasks (depends on who is good at what- often lesbians)
|
|
the specialist division of labour- inequitable
|
one is specialized in minor chores while the other does everything on a regular basis
|
|
the husband-helper division of labour
|
mother takes all responsbilities- usually happends when wife is not working
|
|
larson and richard have found that mother's moods are at their ____ when doing housework, while fathers feel ___
|
lowest, relaxed and cheerful
|
|
the complete DOL
|
mother does nearly everything and father watches tv/tinkers with his car/drinks with buddies
- more often than not, the wife is not working - occurs more at working class level - characterized many families who have emigrated from countries where gender roles are patriarchal |
|
delegated DOL
|
observed among affluent families that can afford housekeepers, nannies, etc
- wife volunteers often |
|
what are the two most common DOL's
|
husband helper, and specialized
|
|
Carroll has identified three types of marital happiness
|
1) hedonistic (satisfaction of desires)
2) individualistic (individuals goals) 3) altruistic (needs of others are a primary concern, and happiness occurs when fulfilling this need) |
|
overall, at any point in tiime about ___ % of marriages are unhappy
|
20
|
|
____ May be a better predictor of quality and stability than ___
|
committment, satisfaction
|
|
are conflict resolution styles similar for same and opposite sex couples?
|
yes
|
|
6 problems were found in a logitudinal study to predict divorce
|
infidelity, spending money foolishly, drinking/drugs, jealousy, having irritating habits, and moodiness
|
|
remarriages are ____
|
as happy as first marriages, once duration is taken into consideration
|
|
u-curve phenomenon
|
refers to those studies that have found a dip in the quality of marriages during the childbearing years- followed by an upward trend after child's late adolescence
|
|
what do people say holds them together?
|
intimacy/closeness
committment congruence- similar life perceptions |
|
do homo or hetero couples last longer?
|
hetero
|
|
conflict/issues relating to ___ and ___ are most common, with ___ being most related to later divorce
|
intimacy, power, power
|
|
____ decrease parental satisfaction the most
|
unplanned births
|
|
does parental disagreement by itself affect children negatively?
|
no- in fact, children can learn functioal ways of solving human problems by listening to how their parents iron out problems in a cooperative manner
|
|
continued parental conflict of the ___ type has the most negative effect
|
hostile
|
|
___ is more affected than ___ by the quality of the relationship
|
fathering, mothering
|
|
what theories are used to study parent-child relationship
|
interactional-transactional, behaviour genetics, and life course perspectives
|
|
Baumrind provides a typology of parent's socialization practices:
|
1) authoritative
2) authoritarian 3) permissive/uninvolved |
|
kerr and Stattin feel that it is actually an adoescents willingness to _________ that allows parents to be authoritative
|
willingness to disclose info
|
|
category 2.5?
|
should be added that if B rewrote this tytpology he would probably add "no-nonsense parenting" which is typical among black Canadians and Americans as well as in the Caribbean
|
|
Brofenbrenner points out that permissiveness has more negative conscequences than authoritarianism in times where there is ___ and ____
|
cultural and social instability
|
|
wavering-negotiating
|
do not guide thair children or make demands of them, rather they consult them about everything- even which child is small
- never punish but are very involved and loving - middle class |
|
Mead was the first one to document that the problematic type of adolescence (which has become common in most western countries) is a cultural rather than ____
|
biological entity
|
|
flak
|
spillover of maltreatment received be peers
|
|
parents over 65 who have a ____ child usually receive relatively little in terms of household or financial help
|
coresident
|
|
sandwich generation
|
adults caught between raising their children and caring for their parents
|
|
children are more stressed when their parent is dealing with ___ issues rather than ___ ones
|
mental, physical
|
|
married couples are more likely to respond to the needs of the ____ parents
|
wifes
|
|
___ is a motivator for helping mothers, while _____ is a motivation for helping fathers- although this is more among ___
|
affection, expectations of inheritence, sons
|
|
bean pole family
|
structure is long and thin as there are more generations present (people live longer), but there are fewer people in each generation
|
|
skip generation household
|
grandparents take them in- no parents present
|
|
In canada, grandparents who single handedly raise kids tend to be ___, ____, and more ____
|
younger, healther, more educated
|
|
2 most common types of maltreatment
|
sibling abuse and peer abuse
|
|
2 categories of abusers among the marrried
|
1) those who limit their abuse to home
2) those who are violent in other contexts as well |
|
75% of victims have also reported ___
|
being an offender
|
|
Johnson distinguished between two types of interpartner violence
|
1) matter of self-regulation and is situational or reactive
2) pertains to power and control (intimate terrorism) |
|
which type is less frequent?
|
# 2 (but it predominates among those women seeking shelters)
|
|
university educated women are often vitims of spousal violence for ____ periods of time because of ___
|
longer, shame
|
|
violence higher or lower in same sex?
|
higher
|
|
who is more neglectful? fathers or mothers
|
fathers
|
|
infants are at higher risk of fatal abuse from their ___ until age 4 months, from their ____ between 4-10 months, and their ____ from 10-25 months
|
mothers, fathers, stepfathers/mothers boyfriends
|
|
even when controlling for family characteristics, there is still a strong relationship between ___ and ____
|
poverty, child abuse
|
|
why?
|
lack of community, more social isolation, and deprived elements of social control
|
|
the transmission rate of family violence across generations is about __ %
|
30
|
|
what characteristic of parents often adds more dimension to abuse
|
antisocial
|
|
child abuse was brought to the public's attention only in the __, by doctors who coined the term ____
|
60s, battered child syndrome
|
|
double standard of parenting in impovrished areas
|
parents need to be extremely attentive in comparison to middle class parents, because more protection is needed in these areas
|
|
__% of sexual offenses are never reported to police
|
90
|
|
double female victimization
|
shows that a proportion of women who are abused as girls marry partners who abuse them and may also abuse their daighters
|
|
children who live with an abused mother are over __ times more likely to be sexually abused
|
12
|
|
psychogenic model of trauma
|
the more severe the abuse, the more negative the conscequences
|
|
premature forclosure in identity
|
the young child may begin to define themselves in terms of sexuality and perhaps material gains as result of sexual abuse
|
|
seniors have the ___ rates of victimization
|
lowest
|
|
medical abuse
|
not giving the elderly the treatment needed
|
|
the inability of some nuclear families to care for their members stems from five major causes:
|
1) absence of an effective community
2) lack of social/political support 3) countless families that are forgotten by society and relegated to segregated enclaves 4) too many families are headed by parents who do not have financial, educational, or maturity resources to raise children 5) parents often burdered by own dramas |
|
which group of the population is increasing the most rapidly
|
85 plus
|
|
Lareau calls lower class parenting ______, and middle class parenting _____
|
the accomplishment of natural growth, the process of concerted cultivation
|
|
most of the changes that will occur in families will be largely dicated by ______
|
techno-economic forces
|
|
social policies focus on 5 areas of life:
|
1) family creation
2) family reunification 3) childbearing and care 4) caregiving for the frail/elderly 5) economic support |
|
political expediency
|
forces the adoption of stop-gap policies to solve a few problems that are identified by public opinion polls
|
|
in Canada, even more than in many Euro countires, ____ is the most imporant factor contributing to poverty
|
employment
|
|
hyper parenting/intensive parenting/concerted cultivation
|
a parenting style that is thought to optimize children's outcomes--- high demand--- children are products--- parents feel they are never doing enough
|
|
in previous centuries ______ families were more common- mosrly bevcase of ___
|
single parent, death
|
|
until WWII ______ remained the most common cause of family disruption, whcih has now been surpassed by ___
|
death, divorce
|
|
why are divorce rates so low in maritimes?
|
higher social integration, effective communities, and demographic characteristics like an older population
|
|
why so high in quebec?
|
cohabitation, lower religiosity, and more liberal/individualistic attitudes
|
|
Canada crude rate is ___
|
2.2 (comarable to sweden and lower than britain)
|
|
Feb 2005
|
Ontario court of appeal ruled that joint custody should not be granted when parents cannot cmmunicate effectivly with eachother about the care of their children
|
|
why does cohabitation increase divorce?
|
1) double process of selection
2) causality effect |
|
double process of selection
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1- some individuals select themseves into cohabitation due to the less work, faithfulness, easier to get in and out of
2- personal attributes- less positive problem solving, less supportive, lower income and religiosity |
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causality effect
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the experience of a less committed, and sometimes less faithful cohabitation shapes subsequent marriage behaviour
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accidental/useless divorces
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may have never otherwise occurred because the relationship was sound and they were happy
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children whose parents divorce after _____ marriages are more likely to end in divorce
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low conflict- probable because if this ended in divorce it was more due to lack of committment
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economic explanation of negative effects of divorce
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povety issues- suddent reduced standard of living
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disruption of parenting negative effect of divorce
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parenting skills and availaility may siffer
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the role of parental conflict- negative effect of divorce
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if parents are still locked in conflict after divorce- more negative effects
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pre-existing child conditions- egative effect of divorce
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long before divorce, children of divorce already showed more problems- researchers feel this is rarely a sole cause
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genetic influence- negative effect of divorce
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moderate correlations between parent's personality risks and offspring's- especially when drugs, addictions, mental issues
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grandparent's visitation rights have not been legalized in ON, only in
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Alberta, BC, NB, QC
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Lecture
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shit
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the practice of arranged marriages is most common in these three countries
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afghanistan, bangladesh, and India... it is diminished in China, Japan, and South Korea
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4 phases of marriage and their satisfaction
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1) beginning phase- greatest
2) child rearing- less 3) middle age- more 5) aging- more |
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three things that power does to relationships
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affects self esteem
inhibits satisfaction, love, and feeling sharing encourages manipulation |
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Hoschschild in 1983 talks of ____ in his book "the managed heart"
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subordination
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5 ways of handling conflict
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1) competing
2) parallel 3) accomodating (harmonius solution) 4) comprimising (we can both live with) 5) collaborating (let's really work to the benefit of us both) |
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wealth flow theory
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children are not assets anymore- they are liabilities
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the basic contextual nature of parenting children has probably _____, however, changes have occurred in ____
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not changed over time; in the ways approporiate parenting behaviour has been defined and conducted
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what is the principle force driving these redefinitions?
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the notions of what children need from adults to become prepared for their future
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LeMasters and DeFrain's five parenting styles:
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1) martyr (nothing i wouldnt do for my kids)
2) pal (want them tolike me) 3) police officer (obey or be punished) 4) teacher-counselor (want to positively shape their lives 5) athletic coach (encourage my children to do well within a framework of family rules) |
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3 factors influencing parenting
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1) contextual/cultural (personal beliefs, contextual factors, stress, etc)
2) parents personalities 3) adaptations to children |
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same sex
GSS 1990, and 2004 |
1990- 75% of americans say homo acts are wrong
2004- 58 percent |
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according to the 2006 census, ___ are same sex, children from a female couple are ___, and a male couple ____
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6/1000, 1/6, 1/30
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factors influence public opinion on homosexuality
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education, gender, age, degree of contact (explained by social networking theory), and attitudes toward traditional morality
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|
herman
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"the gay agenda is the devil's agenda"
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canada was the ___ country to legalize
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3rd
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according to the 2005 canadian estimates, average ages for divorce
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men- 44
women- 41.4 |
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our crude rate is 2.2 and USA is ...
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3.6
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four types of child custody arrangements
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sole, joint, split, third-party
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custody support payments?
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white, latino, black
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more likely to pay your support if you have more ___
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education
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middle aged peopls' most listed reason for remaining single
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like having their freedom and independence
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__ of ___ americans is a steparent, stepchild, stepsibling, or some other member of a stepfamily
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1 of 3
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--% of women and __% of men remarry after divorce, whereas __ of women and __ of men remarry after death of spouse
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69%, 78%, 5%, 12%
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the US has the highest ____ rate in the world
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remarriage
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nearly ___ percent of them who divorce remarry... half within __ years
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85%, 3
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which women remarry
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young at age of first marriage, few marketable skills, want children
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remarriage is less common for blacks than
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whites
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also less common among
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hispanics (for women anyways)
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why do highly educated women have a smaller pool to choose from for remarriage
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because they may be unwilling to marry someone from a lower SES
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having experienced family disruption as a child is associated with a ____
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greater willingness to marry a partner with children
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the most frequently cited reason for not desiring a new partnership among late-life widows is
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freedom from looking after someone
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the most commonly cited for widowers
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concerns about poor heath/old age
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equality in remarriage?
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remarried couples report sharing decision making more equally, as well as domestic chores
|
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they endorse greater ___, and tend to ___ less
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autonomy, communicate
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the most common topic of arguments among remarried (but not first married) is
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disagreements over childrearing
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well being benefits associated with remarriage tend to be smaller than those associated with first marriage.. 3 reasons why
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1) differences in economic resources
2) social support or monitoring of health provided by a spouse 3) lingering deleterious effects associated with ending a marriage |
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4 myths of remarriage
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nuclear family myth- expects members to love/feel close
compensation myth- expect them to be everything first one wasnt instant love myth- love with children right away rescue fantasy- steparents thinks they will shape up kids |
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5 areas of legal ambiguity
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1) custodial authority of steparents
2) stepharent custody/visitation after a partnership ends 3) resposibility to support financially stepchildren 4) inheritence rights when a steparent dies without a will |
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when asked to what extend do they perceive their steparent as being a family memebr
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almost half of adult children chose a middle range category
|
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almost ___ of adult children viewed former steparetns (who ended a marriage or cohabitating relationship with the respondent's biological parent) as being at least a partial family member
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1/3
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