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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Polygyny-
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husband has more than one wife
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Polyandry-
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wife has more than one husband
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Trobriand Islanders
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kids uncle takes over the role of dad
Uncles kids are taken care of by the other kids dad. |
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family
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2 or more people who consider themselves related by blood, marriage, or adoption
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Household
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people who occupy the same housing unit or living quarters
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Nuclear family
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mom
dad kids what kind of family? |
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Extended family
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Mom
dad kids cousins uncles aunts grandmas nanas what kind of family? |
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Family of orientation
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the family that you are born into
family you grew up with |
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Family of procreation
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The family that you make
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Marriage
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a group’s approved mating arrangements, marked by a ritual
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Mate selection
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norms of who marries whom
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Endogamy
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marriage within own group
e.g. age group |
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Exogamy
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Marriage outside of own group
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Incest taboo
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tells who we can't marry
e.g. family (aunts and uncles) |
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System of descent
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Bilateral system
Patrilineal system Matrilineal system |
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Bilateral system
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track descent through by parents sides of the family
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Patrilineal system
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track descent from just the father's side of the family
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Matrilineal system
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track descent from just the mother's side of the family
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inheritance
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rights of __________ follow lines of descent
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Patriarchy
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authority vested in males
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because it fufills basic needs
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Why is family universal?
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Functionalism viewpoint on family
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Family is universal b/c it fulfills basic needs
Economic production Socialization of children Care of the sick and aged Recreation Sexual control Reproduction |
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Functions of the incest taboo
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Avoid role confusion
Exogamy Extends social networks of bride and groom |
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Dysfunctions
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Isolation of nuclear family
Emotional overload |
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Conflict theory
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Gender and power
Power struggle over housework Arlie Hochschild- “the second shift” Affects marital relationship and wife’s self-concept |
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Men
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engage in strategies of resistance
Waiting it out Playing dumb Needs reduction Substitute offerings |
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Symbolic interactionist perspective
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Gender and meanings of marriage
Closer husband and wife’s earnings, more likely share housework Husband earns less than wife, does least amt. of housework |
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The family life cycle
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Love and courtship in global perspective
Romantic love- 88% of societies Role of love differs from one society to another Sexual attraction and labels Love and arranged marriage in IndiaMarriage Love is socially channeled Homogamy- tendency of people w/ similar characteristics to marry one another Propinquity (spatial nearness) 94% of Americans marry someone from same racial background |
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Homogamy-
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tendency of people w/ similar characteristics to marry one another
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Childbirth
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Education and income relationship
Marital satisfaction Social class affects how couples adjust to arrival of children Working class vs. middle class |
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Child rearing
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3 of 5 U.S. mothers work for wages
Married vs. single mothers similar child care arrangements Day care Nannies Social class- parents socialize their children into the norms of their work worlds Birth order- tendencies First vs. second or later born |
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The Empty Nest
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Married couple’s domestic situation after the last child has left the home
Difficult time of adjustment for women? Rubin found that women’s satisfaction generally increases when last child leaves the home |
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The not-so-empty nest
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Prolonged education
Household costs 42% of all U.S. 24-29 year olds live w/ their parents (boomerang children) |
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Widowhood
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Women more likely than men
Deal w/ “who am I” again |
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Social class
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______ ______ is primary distinction in diversity in US families.
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African american families
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Upper vs. middle class
Poverty- men unemployed, have few skills, women likely single mothers 45% of families headed by women Fictive kin- stretching of kinship Marriage squeeze- imbalance in sex ratio |
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Latino families
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Social class and country of origin significant
Cubans more likely headed by married couple than Puerto Rican families Culture- language, religion, and family orientation Machismo- emphasis on male strength and dominance |
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Asian American families
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Structure almost identical to white families
80% married couples, 13% female-headed 20 countries and cultures Nuclear family w/ Confucian values More permissive than Anglos in child rearing |
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Native American families
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Conflict- traditional values or assimilate
Permissive parenting Elders play active role in family life |
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One-parent families
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1970- 85% lived w/ both parents
2000- 69% lived w/ both parents High divorce rate and increase in births to unmarried women Strain and poverty- most one parent families headed by women Kids more likely drop out of school, get arrested, have emotional problems Cycle of poverty |
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Families w/out children
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About 20% of married women do not give birth
Education Race-ethnicity Why remain childless by choice? Not by choice- adoption, surrogate mothers, high tech reproduction |
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Blended families
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Members were once part of other families
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Gay and lesbian families
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1989- Denmark first to legalize same sex marriage
2000- Vermont first legalized “gay unions” Uneven distribution in U.S. 1/5th previously married to heterosexuals Have children? 22% lesbian couples, 5% gay couples |
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Cohabitation
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Adults living together in a sexual relationship w/out being married
Change in views on sexual morality High divorce rate= marriage is fragile 8 X more common today than 30 yrs ago Essential difference? Substitute for, step towards, trial, coresidential dating |
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Trends in U.S. families
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Postponing marriage
Cohabitation Unmarried mothers Grandparents raising grandchildren Sandwich generation and elder care |
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Child rearing
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3 of 5 U.S. mothers work for wages
Married vs. single mothers similar child care arrangements Day care Nannies Social class- parents socialize their children into the norms of their work worlds Birth order- tendencies First vs. second or later born |
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The Empty Nest
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Married couple’s domestic situation after the last child has left the home
Difficult time of adjustment for women? Rubin found that women’s satisfaction generally increases when last child leaves the home |
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The not-so-empty nest
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Prolonged education
Household costs 42% of all U.S. 24-29 year olds live w/ their parents (boomerang children) |
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Widowhood
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Women more likely than men
Deal w/ “who am I” again |
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Social class
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______ ______ is primary distinction in diversity in US families.
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African american families
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Upper vs. middle class
Poverty- men unemployed, have few skills, women likely single mothers 45% of families headed by women Fictive kin- stretching of kinship Marriage squeeze- imbalance in sex ratio |
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Latino families
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Social class and country of origin significant
Cubans more likely headed by married couple than Puerto Rican families Culture- language, religion, and family orientation Machismo- emphasis on male strength and dominance |
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Asian American families
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Structure almost identical to white families
80% married couples, 13% female-headed 20 countries and cultures Nuclear family w/ Confucian values More permissive than Anglos in child rearing |
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Native American families
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Conflict- traditional values or assimilate
Permissive parenting Elders play active role in family life |
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One-parent families
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1970- 85% lived w/ both parents
2000- 69% lived w/ both parents High divorce rate and increase in births to unmarried women Strain and poverty- most one parent families headed by women Kids more likely drop out of school, get arrested, have emotional problems Cycle of poverty |
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Families w/out children
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About 20% of married women do not give birth
Education Race-ethnicity Why remain childless by choice? Not by choice- adoption, surrogate mothers, high tech reproduction |
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Blended families
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Members were once part of other families
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Gay and lesbian families
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1989- Denmark first to legalize same sex marriage
2000- Vermont first legalized “gay unions” Uneven distribution in U.S. 1/5th previously married to heterosexuals Have children? 22% lesbian couples, 5% gay couples |
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Cohabitation
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Adults living together in a sexual relationship w/out being married
Change in views on sexual morality High divorce rate= marriage is fragile 8 X more common today than 30 yrs ago Essential difference? Substitute for, step towards, trial, coresidential dating |
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Trends in U.S. families
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Postponing marriage
Cohabitation Unmarried mothers Grandparents raising grandchildren Sandwich generation and elder care |
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Unmarried mothers
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Industrialized nations experienced sharp increases in births to single women
Customs/values play large role |
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Grandparents raising grandkids
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Skipped generation families
Parents are ill, homeless, incarcerated, addicted to drugs |
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Sandwich generation and elder care
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Responsible for own kids and aging parents
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Divorce
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½ as many divorces are given each year as marriages performed
When look at entire pool, divorce rate is 2% Varies by where you live and race-ethnicity Symbolic interactionism and the misuse of statistics Self-fulfilling prophecy |
