Families In Canada

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Psychodynamic theory~ individual development

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Focused to get inside of the head of individuals in order make sense of their relationship, experiences and how they see the world

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The intimate relationship~ psychodynamic theory

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Emphasizes the influence of childhood on one's choice of mate

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Parent image theory

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Select a mate, a mate who is similar to your opposite sex parent

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Ideal mate theory

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One married an ideal mate based on early childhood experiences

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Complementary needs theory

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We pick those whose needs are opposite, but complimentary to our own( aka the opposites attract theory)

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Exchange theory

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One will get at least as much from the relationship as it will cost. The aim is to maximize the rewards of marriage

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Parent-child relationship~ psychodynamic theory

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Freud believed that the infant-mother relationship was the foundation for personality growth

Erikson believed that socialization is a process that lasts a lifetime beginning at birth and continued into old age

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Cognitive theory~ individual

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Cognition is the acts or process of knowing. It involves how we go about representing, organizing, treating and transforming information as we devise our behavior

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Humanist theory~ individual

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Humanist psychology is a psychological perspective that emphasizes the study of the whole person( known as holism)

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Symbolic interactionism~ the individual

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Symbolic interactionism looks at how individuals behave based on their perception of themselves and of others

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Symbolic interactionism and it's 3 concepts

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1. An individual develops a self that has 2 parts: the Me and the I

2. Must also take " the attitude of the other" to be able to anticipate what the other will do and decide how to respond

3. Able to interact effectively only if we can communicate using common language

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Symbolic interactionism~ parent-child relationship

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Couples who delay parenting are essentially delaying until they feel they are ready to be parents. Subtle peer pressure can be a factor that will influence a couple's decision to start a family

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Sociocultural theory~ individual

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Aka ecological theory of development

Theorist bronfenbronher argues that in order to understand human development we must consider the impact of the society surrounding us

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Sociocultural theory

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Microsystem~ each individual is a system

Mesosystem~ small groups( family) socialize the individual

Ecosystem~socioeconomic environment sets expectations and influences the resources available

Macrosystem~the socio-cultural environment includes the ideology and policies that limit behavior

Chronosystem~ changes within the individual and changes in the environment across time

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Evolutionary theory~ individual

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Theorists propose that humans are biologically pre adapted with behavior systems that elicit care by adults

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Evolutionary theory~ intimate relationship

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Individuals are attracted to those who appear to be able to provide the best chance of producing and raising children

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Structural functionalism~ individual

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Explains society's expectations of us members and our inability to stray too far from those expectations

If social needs are met, individuals needs are also met

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Structural functionalism~ intimate relationship

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Marriage is a social institution that developed an important part of the organization of society to meet humans basic needs

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Structural functionalism~ intimate relationship

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A couple will analyze what specific systems are working or not working within the family unit

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Conflict theory

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Claims that society is in a state of perpetual conflict and competition for limited resources

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Conflict theory~ intimate relationship

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Suggests that a match between an older man and a younger woman ensures that the man has greater resources and the younger woman will need his resources to acquire an improved lifestyle

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Conflict theory~ within the family

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Addresses the way in which people within a unit struggle for power, how they disagree and what actions they take to compete for resources

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Feminist theory

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The theory that men and women should be equal, politically, economically and socially

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Feminist theory~ intimate relationship

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Causes of inequality in relationships

Mainstream working culture which requires long and inflexible working hours which are still based on the idea of the main breadwinner as well as men refusing to pull the weight in the relationship

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Feminist theory~ family

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The most significant institution where we are socialized into our appropriate roles and norms is the family

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Queer theory~ intimate relationship

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Developed by Judith Butler

Is a set of idea based around the idea that identities are not fixed and do not determine who we are

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Social exchange theory

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Is a model for interpreting society as a series of interactions between people that based on estimates of rewards and punishments

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Positive reinforcement

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According to this theory, the formula for predicting the behavior for any individual in any situation is

Behavior( profits)= rewards of interaction-costs of interaction

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Contemporary theories of aging~ Individual development

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Transitional years

The variations in the timing of normative events cause middle aged adults to be the most diverse group of people

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Contemporary theories

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3 models for aging that reflect the various theoretical perspectives on the impact of personality or identity on the behavior of individual

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Stability Template model~ contemporary theory

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Assumes people do not change once they achieve adulthood

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Orderly change model

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Is a stage theory

The individual's identity is formed early in life but changes through interaction with the environment

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Levinson's "season's of life" theory

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Levinson saw development as a sequence of qualitative distinct eras

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Theory of random change

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States that date or non normative events can cause change in identity because of how individuals adapt to their new roles

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Social construction theory

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Related to symbolic interactionism

Actions and feelings of individuals have no instrinsic meaning of their own, but are given meaning of their own and based on the expectations of society

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Social homogamy

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Theory explains that individuals are attracted to people from similar social and cultural backgrounds

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Historical classical model

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Views marriage as the ideal situation for raising children

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Choice model

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Views marriage as a private agreement between individuals, with an emphasis on self-expresion of sexuality

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Commitment model

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Views marriage as a committed, intimate relationship based on emotional support

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Caregiver identity theory

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Recognizes that different caregivers will be affected by the transition taking place in their life

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Attachment bond

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The mother-child attachment bond shapes an infant's brain strongly influencing your self esteem, your expectations of others and your ability to attract and maintain successful adult relationships

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Bowlbys theory of attachment

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Recognizes an infant's emotional tie to the caregiver as an evolved response that promotes survival

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Roy Adaption Model of Caregiver Stress

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Theory explores the stress that nurses must endure while working as caregivers, connected to the roles caregivers play at home