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17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Genetic Fallacy
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which a perceived defect in the origin of a claim or thing is taken to be evidence that discredits the claim or thing itself.
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Guilt By Association
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a person rejects a claim simply because it is pointed out that people she dislikes accept the claim.
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Hasty Generalization
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when a person draws a conclusion about a population based on a sample that is not large enough.
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Ignoring a Common Cause
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it is concluded that one thing causes another simply because they are regularly associated.
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Middle Ground
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it is assumed that the middle position between two extremes must be correct simply because it is the middle position.
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Misleading Vividness
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in which a very small number of particularly dramatic events are taken to outweigh a significant amount of statistical evidence.
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Personal Attack
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when a person substitutes abusive remarks for evidence when attacking another person's claim or claims.
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Poisoning the Well
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trying to discredit what a person might later claim by presenting unfavorable information (be it true or false) about the person.
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Post Hoc
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A occurs before B.
Therefore A is the cause of B. |
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Questionable Cause
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an error in reasoning to conclude that one thing causes another simply because the two are associated on a regular basis.
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Red Herring
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an irrelevant topic is presented in order to divert attention from the original issue.
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Relativist Fallacy
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when a person rejects a claim by asserting that the claim might be true for others but is not for him/her.
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Slippery Slope
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which a person asserts that some event must inevitably follow from another without any argument for the inevitability of the event in question
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Special Pleading
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which a person applies standards, principles, rules, etc. to others while taking herself (or those she has a special interest in) to be exempt, without providing adequate justification for the exemption.
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Spotlight
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when a person uncritically assumes that all members or cases of a certain class or type are like those that receive the most attention or coverage in the media.
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Straw Man
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when a person simply ignores a person's actual position and substitutes a distorted, exaggerated or misrepresented version of that position.
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Two Wrongs Make a Right
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which a person "justifies" an action against a person by asserting that the person would do the same thing to him/her, when the action is not necessary to prevent B from doing X to A.
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