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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is wrong with the following types of fallacies?
1. "Fallacies of Relevance" and "fallacies of Inadequate evidence" 2. "Fallacies of Illegitimate Assumption" 3. "Fallacies of Criticism and Response" |
1. Invalid
2. Valid but unsound 3. Reasoning that violates the principle of charity. |
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Which fallacies belong in the "Fallacies of Relevance" and the "Fallacies of Inadequate evidence"?
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-Appeal to ignorance
-Appeal to Inappropriate authority -Appeal to General Belief -Appeal to Popular attitudes and emotions -Gambler's Fallacy -False Cause (Post Hoc) -Hasty Generalization |
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Which fallacies belong in the "Fallacies of Illegitimate Assumption"?
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-False Dilemma
-Loaded Question -Begging the Question -Slippery Slope Possibly- Affirming the Consequent and Denying the Antecedent |
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Which fallacies belong in the "Fallacies of Criticism and Response"?
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-Against the Person (Ad Hominem)
-You Too (Tu Quoque) -Pooh-Pooh -Straw Man -Loaded Words |
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What is appeal to Ignorance?
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Arguing that because a claim hasn't been disproved the claim is true.
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What is appeal to inappropriate authority?
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Using authority is one way people justify a belief but appealing to inappropriate authority using authority who is not specialized in the field, and there is not a common by other experts in the field.
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What is Appeal to General Belief?
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Arguing the the claim is correct because people generally believe it to be. ex. everybody knows...We all Know
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What is Appeal to Popular Attitudes and Emotions?
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Instead of actually addressing the issues, trying to get people to accept them as true because of the popular attitudes and emotions that are associated with some part of the argument.
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What is the Gambler's Fallacy?
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Arguing to accept a situation true because a false belief in the chances it has to come up. ex. there have been five heads in a row, the next one has to be tails.
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What is Post Hoc (False Cause)
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When someone argues that two situations affected or caused each other because they happen in a certain order or at the same time.
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What is a Hasty Generalization?
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Generalizing an attribute to a large group because it is true of one case.
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What is a False Dilemma?
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When an someone only gives two solutions in an argument when there are at least three or more.
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What is a Loaded Question?
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Attempting to get an answer to a question that assumes the truth of an unproved assumption.
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What is Begging the Question?
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Either assuming what you are trying to prove in the premise. or saying the same thing in two different ways.
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What is a Slippery Slope?
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When there is an incorrect correlation of events that will connect, many times there are many steps in between. They are widely separated points.
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What is Against the Person (Ad Hominem)?
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In an argument someone rejects a claim because of the grounds of the personal characteristics of who presented the argument, not whether the argument is valid and sound.
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What is the You Too fallacy?
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Denying someone's argument about an action you partake in because they do it too, or take part in similar or worse actions.
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What is the Pooh-Pooh fallacy?
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Dismissing an argument because it isn't even worthy of consideration.
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What is a Straw Man?
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Changing someone's argument to make it easier to refute.
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Loaded Words
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Using judgmental words (such as morally wrong, sleazeball, incompetent) as a way of arguing instead of giving the reasons that these judgmental words are true.
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What is Denying the Antecedent?
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In an If, Then argument, the If statement is denied and it is concluded because of this that the then statement is also denied.
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What is Affirming the Consequent?
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In an If, Then argument, the then statement is affirmed, which concludes that the if statement is as well.
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What is the Principle of Charity?
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1. you are of good will
2. assume that your dialog partner is also of good will 3. Both partners are competent to make a good argument As a whole you are both searching for the truth |
