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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EQUIVOCATION
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THE FALLACY OF LETTING A WORD WITH MORE THAN ONE MEANING SLIP FROM ONE MEANING TO ANOTHER IN THE COURSE OF AN ARGUMENT
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AMPHIBOLY
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THE FALLACY (MISUNDERSTANDING) RESULTING FROM UNCLEAR GRAMMATICAL CONSTRUCTION (DANGLING MODIFIERS)
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FALLACY OF ACCENT
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THE FALLACY OF MISINTERPRETATION CAUSED BY ACCENTING THE WRONG WORDS OR PHRASES
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SPECIAL PLEADING
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THE FALLACY OF SETTING FORTH ONE SIDE OF THE STORY AS IF IT WERE COMPLETE STORY, THUS IGNORING THE REAL ISSUE
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ARGUMENTUM AD HOMINEM
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THE FALLACY OF DISCREDITING A MAN IN ORDER TO DISCREDIT HIS ARGUMENT; SOMETIMES MERE NAME-CALLING
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ARGUMENTUM AD POPULUM
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THE FALLACY OF ADDRESSING THE PREJUDICES OF LOCAL INTERESTS OF PEOPLE, AND STIRRING UP EMOTIONS FAVORABLE TO ONE'S ARGUMENT BY TELLING LISTENERS WHAT THEY WANT TO HEAR
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ARGUMENTUM AD VERECUNDIAM
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THE FALLACY OF ARGUING FOR THE AUTHORITY AS A MAN HAS IN HIS OWN FIELD AS THOUGH IT HELD EQUALLY IN ANOTHER FIELD
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ARGUMENTUM AD MISERICARIDIAM
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THE FALLACY APPEALING TO PITY RATHER THAN TO REASON
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ARGUMENTUM AD BACULUM
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THE FALLLACY APPEALING TO INTIMIDATION (EITHER BY THREAT OR FORCE) INSTEAD OF APPEALING TO REASON
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ARGUMENTUM AD IGNORANTIAM
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THE FALLACY OF ASSUMING THAT ANY FAILURE TO PROVE ONE SIDE OF AN ARGUMENT THEREBY ESTABLISHES THE OTHER SIDE
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RATIONALIZATION
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THE FALLACY OF GIVING RESPECTABLE REASONS INSTEAD OF REAL AND SOMEWHAT UNCONSCIOUS REASONS
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FALSE DILEMMA
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THE FALLACY OF STATING ONLY TWO ALTERNATIVES WHEN THERE MAY BE THREE OR MORE
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COMPLEX QUESTION
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THE FALLACY OF A QUESTION'S CONTAINING AND CONCEALING AN UNWARRANTED ASSUMPTION
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OVERSIMPLIFICATION
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THE FALLACY OF STATING AN ARGUMENT OF EXPLAINING A SITUATION SO BRIEFLY THAT MANY ASPECTS OF THE QUESTION ARE LEFT OUT
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POST HO, ERGO PROPTER HOC
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THE FALLACY OF ASSUMING THAT BECAUSE ONE EVENT HAPPENED AFTER ANOTHER, IT WAS CAUSED BY THAT OTHER
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FAULTY CONCLUSIONS DRAWN FROM STATISTICS
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THIS RESULTS FROM ONE'S HAVING PUT ONE'S FAITH IN STATISTICS BEFORE HAVING CAREFULLY CONSIDERED WHAT THEY DO NOT SAY
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INADEQUATE SAMPLING
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THE FALLACY OF ARRIVING AT A CONCLUSION BASED ON TOO FEW INSTANCES
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FAULTY ANALOGY
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THE FALLACY OCCURRING WHEN PARTICULAR SIMILARITIES BETWEEN TWO THINGS WE INFER A FURTHER OR MORE GENERAL SIMILARITY WHICH DOES NOT REALLY EXIST. FAULTY ANALOGY IS ESPECIALLY LIKELY TO APPEAR WHEN THE OBSERVED SIMILARITIES ARE SUPERFICIAL OR WHEN THEY ANALOGY IS BASED ON JUST A FEW SIMILARITIES BETWEEN THINGS WHICH HAVE MANY ASPECTS
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RED HERRING
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ATTEMPTING TO MISDIRECT THE DISCUSSION BY RAISING AN ESSENTIALLY UNRELATED POINT
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SLANTING
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SELECTING OR EMPHASIZING THE EVIDENCE THAT SUPPORTS YOUR CLAIM AND SUPPRESSING OR PLAYING DOWN OTHER EVIDENCE
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SLIPPERY SLOPE
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A SERIES OF INCREASINGLY UNACCEPTABLE CONSEQUENCES IN DRAWN
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STRAW MAN
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DIRECTING THE ARGUMENT AGAINST A CLAIM THAT NOBODY ACTUALLY HOLDS OR THAT EVERYONE AGREES IS VERY WEAK
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CIRCULAR DEFINITION
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THE DEFINITION INCLUDES THAT TERM BEING DEFINED AS A PART OF THE DEFINITION
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BEGGING THE QUESTION
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ARGUING THAT A CLAIM IS TRUE BY REPEATING THE CLAIM IN DIFFERENT WORDS. ALSO CALLED CIRCULAR REASONING
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