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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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motion within the transverse plane about a longitudinal (vertical) axis
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rotation
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motion within the coronal/frontal plane about an AP axis
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side bending
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motion within the sagittal plane about a transverse axis
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flexion/extension
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separates top half of body from bottom
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transverse plane
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separates the right half of the body from left
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sagittal
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separates the front half of the body from the back
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coronal/frontal
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transverse axis
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travels from right side of body to left
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anterior/posterior axis
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travels form the front of the body to the back (think of rod going thru umbilicus)
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longitudinal or vertical axis
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travels from your head to your toes
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passive motion testing
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quantity of motion
pt moves self |
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active motion testing
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quality of motion
dr moves pt |
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end range of joint motion limited by bones, ligaments, tendons
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anatomical barrier
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limit of end range of motion produced by the patient
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physiologic barrier
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abnormal limited motion within the physiologic range altered by somatic dysfunction
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restrictive/pathologic barrier
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ligament motion beyond anatomical motion
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sprain
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tendon motion beyond anatomic range
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strain
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bone motion beyond anatomic range
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fracture
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1874
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"i flung to the breeze the banner of osteopathy"
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1892
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first class at American School of Osteophathy Kirksville MO
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1896
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Vermont first state to license DOs
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1910
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Flexner report
commissioned by A. Carnegie standardized medican schooling |
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1917
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AT Still dies
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1900
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CCOM opens
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1996
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AZCOM opens
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1918
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spanish influenza, osteopathy reduces morbidity/mortality
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1962
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DOs exchange degrees for MD in CA
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2001
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LA accepts COMLEX
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principle I
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group mechanics
sidebending/rotation opposite direction vertebral body rotates towards convexity |
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principle II
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single segment dysfunction
sidebending/rotation to same side spine is non-neutral-prefers flexion or extension vertebra rotates towards concavity |
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principle III
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initiatin gmotion of a vert. segment in any plane of motion will modify movement of that segment in other planes
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naming type II dysfunctions
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rotation comes first
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naming type I dysfunction
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sidebending comes first
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C0/C1 (O/A)
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sidebending/rotation occur in opposite directions in non-neutral position
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C1-C2 (A/A)
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motion is rotation only
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C2-C7
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generally type II dysfunctions
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sacrum
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acts like type I--opposite directions for rotation/sidebending
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reference point for naming dysfunctions
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anterior and superior aspect of vert. segment
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approximation of muscle's origin and insertion
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concentric
(origin/insertion come closer together) |
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lengthening of muscle during contraction due to external force
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eccentric
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contraction that results in approximation of muscle's origin and insertion; patients force greater than operators
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isotonic
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muscle contraction that results in approximation of muscle's origin and insertion with equal operator/patient force
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isometric
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muscle contraction against resistance while forcing muscle to lengthen
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isolytic *eccentric
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Direct OMM
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moves into restrictive barrier
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indirect OMM techniques
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moves away from the restrictive barrier
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HVLA
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direct
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muscle energy
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direct
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counterstrain
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indirect
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myofascial release
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direct or indirect
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cranial
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indirect of adults
direct for infants |
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facilitated positional release
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indirect
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still
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indirect to direct
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important vertebral ligaments
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anterior longitudinal
posterior longitudinal ligamentum flavum interspinous ligament supraspinous ligament |
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angle of louis
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attachment of rib 2, level of T4
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xyphoid process
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rib 7, T9
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sternal notch
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T2
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esophageal hiatus
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T10
prevents gastroesophageal reflux |
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inferior vena cava
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T8
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opening for aorta
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T12
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respiratory distress
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recruits scalenes, intercostals, serratus anterior and posterior, and quadratus lumborum
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erector spinae
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extend vert. column
Iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis |
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transversospinal group
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extend cert column and rotate to opposite side
rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis |
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phrenic nerve
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C3, 4, 5
innervates diaphragm |
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cisterna chyli
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sub-diaphragmantic lymphatic drainage
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thoracic duct
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supra-diaphragmatic lymphatic drainage
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type I shortcut
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G1NO
group type 1 neutral opposite sides S/R |
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pump handle
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upper thorax (~ribs 1-7)
ribs rise up and down |
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bucket handle
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lower thorax (~ribs 7-10)
ribs lift up and away |
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caliper
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ribs 11/12 have only one small motion
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thoracic motion
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mainly rotational
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primary group of respiration
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diaphragm
**others = secondary |
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T1-T3
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spinous process at level of transverse process
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T4-T6
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spinous process extends 1/2 level below transverse process
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T7-T9
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spinous process one full segment below transverse process
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T10
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follows T7-9
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T11
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follows T4-6
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T12
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follows T1-3
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posterior longitudinal ligament
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limits posterior translation of segment
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ligamentum flavum
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hypertrophy contributes to spinal stenosis
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iliolumbar ligament
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TP of L4/L5 to iliac crest
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rotatores
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mostly proprioception/nerve fibers
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erector spinae
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extends with b/l contraction
sinebends with unilateral contraction no rotation |
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quadratus lumborum
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for lumbar sidebending
from iliac crest to 12th rib |
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psoas
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strongest muscle of the body
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psoas syndrome
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bubble butt
prolonged positions that shorten the muscle |
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sciatic
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L4-S3
impinged by tight piriformis muscle frequent source of pain |
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lumbar disc and body height
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discs account for 1/4-1/3 of vertebral height
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discs and age
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water content lost = loss of height
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herniated lumbar discs
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lateral and posterior
L4/L5 or L5/S1 nucleus pulosus protrudes |
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inomminate bone
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ilium
ischium pubis fuse by age 20-23 |
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ischium
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posterior, inferior part of inomminate
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pubis
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pubic symphysis-fibrocartilagenous joint
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pubic tubercle
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attachment of ilioinguinal ligament
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iliolumbar ligament
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iliac crest to L4/L5 and sacrum
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sacroiliac joint
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synovial
no muscle attachements/no muscle specific for motion |
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sacrilization
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L5 fuses with sacrum
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lumbarization
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S1 unfused from sacrum, acts as 6th lumbar vertebrae
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bat wing deformity
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atypically large transverse process of L5
-->false joint with sacrum and/or ilia |
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facet trophism
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unequal size and or facing of facet joint
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spondylollisthesis grade 1
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0-25%
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spondylolisthesis grade 2
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25-50%
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spondylolisthesis grade 3
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50-75%
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spondylolisthesis grade 4
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75-100% displacement
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spondylosis
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general term/degenerative changes to discs
about arthritic changes |
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pars interarticularis
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fractures with spondylolysis or spondylolisthesis
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main motion of lumbar spine
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flexion and extension
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causes of psoas syndrome
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appendicitis
ureteral calculi sigmoid colon disease prostate cancer salpingitis ureter infection |
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PSIS
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S2
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positive standing flexion test
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innominate diagnosis must be named on that side
side of + standing flex. test = side of dysfunction |
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hypertonic iliopsoas muscle
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can lead to L1-L2 disfunction
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ischial tuberosities
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diagnostic tool for assessment of shears
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lumbar facets in flexion
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more open
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lumbar facets in extension
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joints more closed
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