Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
when does digestion begin?
|
digestion begins when saliva touches the food
|
|
|
what is metabolism?
|
the changing of food into energy:using stored supplies
|
|
|
what is absorbtion?
|
when nutrients enter into the blood supply through the intestines
|
|
|
what form is energy stored in and where?
|
energy is stored as glycogen in the liver
|
|
|
what is the function of carbohydrates?
|
to provide the body with fast readily usable energy
*there are 4kal/g |
|
|
what are simple carbohydrates?
|
simple carbohyrates=simple sugars=mono/disaccharides
|
|
|
what are complex carbohydrates?
|
complex carbohydrates=starches= polysaccharides
|
|
|
what are all carbohydrates broken ddown into?
|
monosaccharides
|
|
|
how are carbohydrates transported?
|
through cell membranes by insulin from the pancreas
|
|
|
what are examples of water soluble fibers?
|
fruits, oats, and legumes
|
|
|
what does fiber provide?
|
provides intestinal bulk which combines with bile acids and cholesterol in the gi tract preventing absorbtion and decreasing cholesterol and increase gastric emptying
|
|
|
what are some functions of fiber?
|
-may change medication absorbtion
-decrease risk of colon cancer -may help lower blood glucose -causes flatulence |
|
|
where is insouble fiber found?
|
veggies, wheat, and whole grains
|
|
|
what are a few benefits of insoluble fiber?
|
it is affective in sofening stool and speeds gi transit time
|
|
|
what is an affect of insoluble fiber on medication?
|
it may decrease the absorbtion
|
|
|
what is the bulk of our body tissue made of?
|
protein!
|
|
|
what 4 elements make up protein?
|
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen!
|
|
|
how many kcal/g does protein supply?
|
four!
|
|
|
how many essential amino acids are there?
|
22!
|
|
|
what is anabolism?
|
synthysis of protein by the body!
|
|
|
what is catabolism?
|
break down of excess protein in the liver for energy or convertion to fat!
|
|
|
what is nitrogen balance?
|
the balance between anabolism and catabolism!
|
|
|
what is positive nitrogen balance needed for?
|
new tissue growth and *****wound healing*****!
|
|
|
how many kcal/g does fat provide?
|
9!
|
|
|
what are fats neccesary in the diet for?
|
-the absorption of fat soluble vitamins
-saiety and flavor! |
|
|
what does fat provide for the body?
|
cushioning protection and insulation!
|
|
|
a heart healthy diet is less than what % fat?
|
30!
|
|
|
saturated fat should be less than what percent of intake?
|
10!
|
|
|
what type of fat is healthier and should make up the majority of intake?
|
unsaturated fat!
|
|
|
what is a lipid takin in the diet and manufactured in the body by the liver?
|
choelesterol!
|
|
|
what should serum cholesterol be?
|
<200
|
|
|
what are the 2 lipoprotiens? and which is healthy?
|
HDL-healthy & LDL-leathal
|
|
|
what is the term for too many fat soluble vitamins and why?
|
hypervitaminosis-these vitamins are stored on the body and too much can cause toxicity!
|
|
|
what are the fat soluble vitamins/what sources are they found in/what do they aid in?
|
a-beta carotene- carrots/eyes antioxidant
d-sun, fortified milk/bones e-dark green veggies/ antioxidant k-dark dreen veggies/ clotting |
|
|
what vitamins are not stored in the body?
|
water soluble so they need daily intake!
|
|
|
what are some water soluble vitamins?
|
-b1=thiamin a deficiency= beriberi deficiency often seen in ETOH abuse
-b2 is riboflavin -b6 is pyrodoxine is given to patients with INH to prevent neuropathies -b12 needs intrinsic factor of stomach for absorbtion-or IM or intranasally-deficiency =pernicious anemia |
|
|
what are more water soluble vitamins?
|
-niacin its used in the Rx of hyperlipidemia
-folic acid essencial for normal fetal development all women should take 800mcg per day to prevent possible neural tube defects during pregnancy c-ascorbic antioxidant promotes wound healing and helps colds |
|
|
what are the major minerals?
|
-calcium-1000mg a day
-phosphorous -magnesium -sulfer -sodium -potassium -cholide |
|
|
what are the miner minerals
|
-iron
-iodine-which prevents goiter (thyroid) -zinc-promotes wound healing -selenium -copper -manganese -fluoride need suplement if not in H2O -chromium |
|
|
what percent of an adult body is made up of water?
|
60%
|
|
|
what percent of a childs body is made up of water?
|
80%
|
|
|
how many liters of water does an adult need daily?
|
2-3liters
|
|
|
what are some factors influencing nutrition?
|
-developmental age-older & infant- finger foods
-gender-m= higher muscle mass =higher calorie intake; f=increased iron d/t menstration -health status -ethnicity, culture & religion -socioecomonic and psychological factors -lifestyle -personal preferance -med/ therapy drug/ nutrient interactions -alcohol & drugs -advertising |
|
|
what should you focus on during an assessment?
|
activity level, change in wt, appetite, oral &GI difficulty, life changes, cultural/religious beliefs, muscle wasting, edema, loss of sub-q fat
|
|
|
what are some of the different diet a pt can be on?
|
npo
clear liquid full liquid regular dat soft mechanical soft chopped pureed thickened liquids low residue=low fiber sodium restricted diabetic vegetarian |
|
|
what are some nursing diagnoses r/t nutrition?
|
-altered nutrition, less or more
-risk for altered nutrition, less or more -fluid volume deficit -self care deficit, feeding -self-esteem disturbance R/T obesity -impaired swallowing -constipation |
|
|
what is BMI? how is it found? and what is the normal range?
|
-Body Mass Index
-wt in kilograms divided by ht in meters squared -range is 20-25 |
|
|
what do the lab values of CBC, HGB, and HCT reflect?
|
state of hydration s=and anemia
|
|
|
what is the transferin? and what do low levels mean?
|
-plasma protein that binds to iron
-low levels= protein/iron deficiency |
|
|
what do serum protein/ albumin levels identify? and why is this important?
|
they identify malnutrition
- these are important b/c if malnourished the pt is not absorbing meds as effectively and wasting them |
|
|
what are some ways to promote appetite?
|
-remove noxious stimuli
-provide oral hygiene/clean pt as needed -meds prn for pain, fever, nausea -small protions/ attractive presentation -familiar foods within diet requirements -family can be helpfil!! -independence w/ assistive devices/ utensils as needed |
|
|
what are ways as a nurse you can assist with meals?
|
-hygiene before meals
-deliver & check for correct tray -assess pts ability -positionpt appropritaely -open packages/ setup as needed -for blind use clock sconfiguration to tell where food is -use adaptive equipment-document |
