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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a Hawk is
A) Generic term desribing non eage non vulture diurnal bird of prey B) a member of the accipter genus C)diurnal raptor with short rounded wings, longtail and light eyes D) all of the above |
D
non eagle, non vulture, diurnal short rounded wings, long tail, light eyes Goshawk, coopers hawk, and sharp shinned hawk Accipter, falco (longwings or falcons) &Buteo (broadwings or buzzards) |
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Birds of prey are
A) any bird preying on living creatures B)bird with powerful taloned feet for grasping and killing, a hooked beak for tearing flesh and includes all members of the orders falconiformes and strigiformes C)a member of the order falconiformes D)a member of strigiformes |
B
falconiformes includes kites, vultures, hawks, eagles and falcons strigiformes includes all owls |
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A falcon is
A) a females of the species falco peregrinus B)a generic term to include all hawks with long pointed wings, long tails, small heads, and broad shoulders C)any bird used in falconry D) A and B but not C |
D
falcon only applies to female peregrines, males are called tiercels. general term for all in genus falco or longwings |
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Longwings refer to what
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Long pointed wings such as a kestrels.
goshawk's wings are twice the length but are rounded so they are considered a shortwing |
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a buzzard is
A) a member of the genus buteo and has wide core wings, a heavy body, and a short or stubby tail and has superb soaring cababilities B)carrion eating raptor with a featherless head and superb soaring C) the european vernacular for the genus of raptors that inludes the red tailed hawk, red shouldered hawk, and ferruginous hawk, the common buzzard and the boradwinged hawk D)A and C but not B |
D
Buteo |
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an eagle is
A)a member of the genus aquila with long, broad wings and a medium tail B)a large hawklike bird C)any hawklike bird larger then the female gyrfalcon D)all of the above |
A
strictly there are 16 true eagles and many large hawklike and eagle like raptors with the term eagle in their name |
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whats the difference between falcons and hawks?
A) falcons include only members of the family falconidae B) hawk is a generi term like raptor that includes all the species in the order falconiformes C)anatomical and behavioral differences D) all of the above |
D
hawk covers nearly all falconry birds while specifying a certain group of hawks at the same time (genus accipter: goshawk, coopers, and sharp shinned) |
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True or false: hawks have long pointed wings, long tails, small heads and broad shoulders
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False. genus accipter have short rounded wings.
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T or F: in genus falco, the third and or fourth primary from the leading edge of the wing is/are the longest
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false. in genus falco the second primary from the leading edge of the wing is the longest, thus giving the impression of "long, pointed" wings. in buteos, accipters, and other hawk like birds it is the third and or fourth feather is the longest or theyre the same length
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initial selection of a nesting area by migratory raptors such as the prairie falcon accompanied later by aerial display is generally made by the....
A) male who returns first to the nesting area B)females who remains year round C)neither hawk- it just happens D)none of above |
A
the male returns first and chooses the site. Males also hunt and provide most of food for hatchlings while females provides protection care and feeding. generally if one sex migrates Both sexes migrate. |
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adult raptors are most likely to desert a nest...
A) just prior to egg laying B)during late incubation C) during hatching D) just prior to fledging |
A
once eggs are laid most reptors though not all are likely to stick with thier cluth despite disturbances. goshawks and ferruginous hawks viciously attack intruders to their nest site. |
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T or F if the first clutch of eggs is destroyed many hawks and falcons will lay a second cluth
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True. this tendancy is used by captive breeders to maximize offspring. system called double hatching. some dont double hatch though. Eagles, goshawks, harris hawks, red tails, kestrels, merlins, peregrines, gyrfalcons, and prairie falcons do but it is out of the norm.
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T or F the falconer is most likely to encounter a blancher in june
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True a blancher is a young hawk capable of hopping from branch to branch testing its wings but not yet flying free. a fledgling is a young hawk that has taken its first flight but remains in the vicinity of the nest and its parent's care.
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young hawks, particularly longwings tend to take considerably larger prey than is typical for adults or the same species. This is because
A) the youngsters are still growing and need more food than an adult B) the young hawks are stronger and outcompete the elders for larger more nutricious prey C)more skill is required to catch a smaller bird D)all of the above |
C
large birds are less maneuverable than small ones but are more dangerous quarry. smaller prey less dangerous prey is taken more frequently when enough skill is attained. this also accounts for the common phenomenon of small birds hassling large hawks with virtual impunity. ex. kestrel driving red tailed hawk from nest |
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Falconiformes generally come into their adult plumage at the first moult which is at...
A)six months of age B)one year C)two years D)none of the above |
B
most hawks but not eagles adult feathers come in during the hawks first moult at about one year of age. American kestrels come into partial adult plumage at about 6 months and eagles go through several moults each year before reaching full adult plumage and sexual maturity at age 5 |
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you can tell the difference between male and female raptors by the
A) faster speed of females B)faster speed of males C) larger size of females D) larger size of males |
C
in most raptor species the plumage coloration of the sexes is the same. there is not much diffrence in speed but especially in the bird eating species there is a great difference in size of the sexes. males are generally one third smaller than females called "reverse size dimorphism" |
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hawks in immature plumage appear to be
A) smaller than when they become adults B);arger than when they become adults C)the same size as when they become immature adults D)larger or smaller depending on how well they were fed |
B
juvenille flight feathers tend to be longer than adult feathers to ompensate for less developed muscle, bones, and flight experience. hawks are full grown when they leave the nest |
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T or F hawks hunt by sight and hearing their sense of smell is not well developed
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True. yet some jungle vultures like the king vulture have a highly developed sense of smell to locate carrion
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if baby raptors are int eh nest and one parent raptor is lost...
A) the remaining parent of either sex takes over all parenting duties B)if only the male surives he abondons the nestlings C) if only the female survives, she finds another male to take over hunting D)none |
A
the remaining parent will go to extremes to care for the young. however male raptors will not tear apart kills for the nestlings. if the female is lost before the young learn to rep their food apart survivale goes down and young can starve. |
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in which species iof a longwing is there sexual dimorhpism as to coloration and pattern?
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B
sexual dimorphisms are defined as differences in coloration or size between the sexes. in adult plumage both the kestrel and the merlin demonstrate obvious coloration differences between the sexes. |
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a malar stripe is likely to be found on...
A) a peregrine B) kestrel C) gyrfalcon D) none |
A
in any plumage the real mark of the peregrine is the face bar known as the mask or malar stripe. this is a broad dark mark extending downward from the crown across the eye. |
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which of the following does not have long pointed wings?
A)tiercel B)jack C)jerkin D)musket |
D
a musket is a male european sparrow hawk. accipters have rounded wings. a tiercel is a male of the species falco peregrinus. the jak is a male merline of the genus falco. the jerkin is a male gyrfalcon also of falco. |
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which of the following is the largest hawk?
A) jerkin B)jack C)falcon D)tiercel |
A
there is some overlap in size between the jerkin (gyrfalcon) and the female peregrine (falcon). however the jerkin is larger on average compared to the falcon. the jack and tierel are smaller than the falcon or jerkin |
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t or f a dark hood and white supercilliary line are the field identifiation markings of an adult goshawk
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true
the thick white supercilliary line appears as an entended eyebrow |
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one is most likely to find the cere....
A) on the head of the raptor B)feet C)wings D)breast |
A
the ere is a waxy yellow gray or green skin at the top of the beak in which the nostrols are situated. |
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the tarsus of the raptor is part of the hawks...
A) wing B)leg C)tail D)head |
C
the tarsus is part of the leg between the foot and the first joint. jesses, bewiis and bells are attached to this point of the leg |
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a hawks train is its
A) head B)wing C)foot D)tail |
D
all twelve feathers of the tail make up the train. the only speifically named tail feathers are the central feathers called the deck feathers |
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deck feathers are...
A) central pair of feathers in the train B) feather tuft on top of a longwings hood C)feathers used in impiing broken tail or wing feathers D)row of feathers which run down the wing above the primaries and secondaries |
A
D describes the coverts B describes the plume or tab |
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A good indication or completed growth in eyasses is when the hawk is....
A) full summed B)hard penned C)both of the above D)none of the above |
B
hard penned and full summed are used interchangably. hard penned refers to the point at which the newborn hawks feathers are fully grown in for the first time. full summed refers to the end of the moult. in oth instances blood has withdrawn from the newly grown large feathersof the wings and tail. the new feathers have hardened and the base of the feather turns from blue to white. |
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your hawk is likely to mantle.....
A) when relaxed and contented B) when standing over prey C) both D) neither |
C
mantle is the stretching of one wing and one leg on the same side. it is an indication of a relaxed and contented hawk. the term mantle also describes the spreading of wings and tail over food or quarry. this latter is defensive behavior used to onceal food from a hawks competitors, as in mantling over. other signs of contentness are standing on one foot with the other raised and preening |
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a hawk that is very comfortable with its surroundings and a full crop is likely to...
A) gorge B) hack C) rouse D) tangle |
C
rouse is an action common to all birds in which the feathers are slowly erected then the bird shakes itself and the feathers slowly settle, a sign of tameness and wellbeing. gorge is overeating. rangle is small stones given orally to a hawk, the stones are coated in the stomach with fat and greese |
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a hawk is liely to preen......
A) following a bath B) when its content C) when it is under stress D) both a and b |
D
preening is the act of straightening and dressing the feathers. it is a sign of contentment . the hawk will often preen following a bath or when comfortable. |
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t or f after leaving the are of its parents a raptor will gain upwards of twenty give percent body mass and ten percent wingspang
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false
raptors maintain at or at slightly less than the weight as they leave the nest area. wingspans also shorten during the first moult. |
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t or f a large dark raptor soars overhead, it has large white patches under its wings. it is most likely an immature bald eagle.
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false
the large white patches mark this as an immature golden eagle. at a distance the immature bald eagle looks pale however also have white heads and tails. vulturs can be identified in the field by the strong dihedral of "vee" of the wings in a soar where the eagles soar on nearly flat wings |
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t or f there are seven species of harriers in North america
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false. there is only one harrier (genus circinae) in north america. the other harriers are widelydistributed and diversified throughout the old world. on this continent there is only the american marsh hawk or northern harrier. like all harriers marsh hawks are slim lightly build with big swings that make them appear much larger than they are really are. their prey is field mice and smalle birds. they nest on the ground
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which of the following species locates prey by sound
A) marsh hawk B) osprey C) swallow-tailed kite D) audubons caracara |
A the marsh hawk hunts open grasslands and marshes. they fly low to the ground in a slow owl like manner and use sound. they have facial disks or feathers arranged in the same manner as owls to assist hearing. once prey is located they will hover and drop
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which of the following raptors can grip with two toes in bring and two behind
A) gyrfalcon B) bald eagle C) osprey D) ferruginous hawk |
C
the ospreys foot is adapted for catching fish. the toes can swivel from the usual conformatio of three forward one back so they are positioned from forward two and back. the scales are made to grip slippery items. |
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longwings are uniquely different from other members of the falconiformes in that they
A) possess extra large feet B) have a notched beak C) feed only on birds D) are the most maneauverable |
B
all longwings have a toothed or notched beak which is used to break the neck of prey. the characteristics described in a and c are common among longwings but nor universal. longwing also refers to genus falco. only the female peregrine is called a falcon. |
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t or f longwings subdue their prey with tremendous gripping power of their feet
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false
longwings kill using the force from their striking speed. generally they rake their prey with sharp tallons and an open foot. accipters and buteos most ofeten kill with gripping and compression power of their feet |
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hawks are most efficient at killing their prey after catching it are the....
A) longwings B) buteos C) accipters D) eagles |
A
the notches on a longwings beak shear or sever the spinal cord of its prey with one well placed bite. death is instantaneous. it takes longer to dispatch prey with only talons as other hawks do. |
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the hawk least likely to slice is ...
A) peregrine B) red tailed hawk C) gold eagle D) goshawk |
A
slicing is a forcible discharge of excrements by accipters, buteos, and eagles most but not all longwings drop their mutes straight down in an action called muting |
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true or false nests are not built by longwings
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True
in general both longwings and owls use ledges hollow trees or old nests |
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basic requirments for the nest of a longwing is
A) nearby supply of ptarmigans, lemmings, or other rodents B) desert areas C)isolated woodland D)cliffs |
D
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t or f male hawks do the bulk of hunting after young hatch
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true
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t or f some gyrfalcons nest in trees
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true but mostly on cliff ledges
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which hawk is apt to occupy and defend the largest territory?
A) gyrfalcon B) marsh hawk C) coopers hawk D) american kestrel |
A
the larger the hawk the more territory is needed to provide food and shelter for a nesting pair and young. |
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t or f the gyrfalcon seems closely related to the desert saker falcon
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true, perhaps subspecies of the same species
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t or f the attack style of the gyrfalcon is similar to the peregrine
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false the peregrine overtakes and attacks directly. the gyrfalcon catches up, climbs and and goes to one side or the other, flies along for a wing beat and then twists ubruptly to cross over the victim with a slashing diagonal strike. the zigzag of quick succession and diagonal shallow stoops is unique to the gyrfalcon
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the peregrine could be called the worlds most successful hawk because it...
A) occupies nearly all continents B) lays more eggs per clutch than every other raptor C) preys on all other species D)has no species that competes with it but man |
A.
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t or f the plumage skin and scale areas of adult peregrines differ from those of immatures.
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True first year peregrines are rich reddish brown and the skin and scales are bluish. adults are blue gray above with lightness on the rump cross barred with dark gray. their upper breats are more pure white fading into salmon below. adult skin and scales are yellow
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the incubation period for peregrine eggs is
A) 21 days B)24 days C) 32 days D) 44 days |
C 32
theres a direct link between bird size and incubation period |
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the large dark peregrine which swells on the american northwest coast and islands from oregon to british columbia southeast alaska and aleatians is known as
A) falco perefrinus anatum B)" " peale C)"" tundrius D)"" peregrinius |
B peals falcon is the largest of the subspecies and is a marintime species. the anatum ranges over NA south of the tree line, and is the classic one found in the US
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the distinguishing identification characteristic of this hawk is the almost black triangular patch underneath the wing where the flank and the auxiliary feathers meet
A) prairie falcon B) lugger C) peales falcon D) lanner |
A the prairie falcon is similar in size and shape to the tundra peregrine
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t or f blow flies and whitewash are good indication of an occupied prarie falcon eyrie
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true the nestling ledge can usually be located from a greatdistance by whitewash or chalk marks made by the excrement of hawks. blowflies give a visual indication that the site is occupied
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the nest cliff of the prairie falcon will face
A) north to northwest B)south to southeast C) east D) west to southwest |
B
to catch the early sun |
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a young prairie falcon will leave its eyrie at approximately..
A) five to six weeks B) eight to nine weeks C) twelve to thirteen weeks D) sixteen to nineteen weeks |
A
young prairies fledge at give to six weeks, the males flying sooner and leaving the nest sooner then their larger sisters. they leave as soon as full flight has been reached |
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the hunting style of the prairie falcon is best described as...
A)more opportunistic than the peregrine B) almost exactly as the gyrfalcon C) same as the red tail D) non |
C both the prairie falcon and the red tailed hawk are highly opportunistic and adaptable in their choice of quarry and attack styles. neither are finicky eaters
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t or f prairie falcons are migratoy throughout their breeding range
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false most prairie falcons dont migrate
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the longwing with the most accipitrine hunting style is the....
A) merlin B) prairie falcon C) peregrine D) gyrfalcon |
A
most of the time merlins hunt active flying prey in open country in classic longwing fashion. other times they fly at high speeds close to ground making lightning single grabs for anyting in their path, and passing on with no decrease in speed if they miss. |
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t or f the attack style of the merlin is similar to the gyrfalcon
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false the merlin overtakes and attacks directly like the peregine
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