Fagan Ancient Lives - Ch 2 Terms

Front 1

Meer, Belgium

Back 1

Stone Age camp of 7000 BC, used by stoneworkers. place where they found out multiple people made stone tools from the debris left over

Front 2

culture history

Back 2

descriptions of human cultures derived from archaeological evidence

Front 3

Folsom, New Mexico

Back 3

Paleo-Indian kill site dating to c8000 BC, a location providing the first definitive evidence of the association of humans with extinct animals in the Americas

Front 4

potsherds

Back 4

fragments of broken clay vessels

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subsistence

Back 5

ways in which humans feed themselves

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lifeways

Back 6

a wide range of human activities, from hunting and gathering to agriculture, interactions between ppl and groups, social organization, religious beliefs

Front 7

'Ain Ghazal, Syria

Back 7

early farming village in 7500 BC, where excavations found remarkable/creepy statuettes

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cultural process

Back 8

the ways in which human cultures change over time

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Isamu Pati, Zambia

Back 9

village farming mound occupied by cattle herders and cereal cultivators from AD 600 to 1200, major site of Kalomo culture of southern Zambia. where Fagan did his first, unskilled dig.

Front 10

research design

Back 10

a carefully formulated and systematic plan for conducting archaeological research

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compliance

Back 11

in cultural resource management, the process of complying with federal and state laws affecting the archaeological record

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analysis

Back 12

the process of classifying and describing archaeological finds

Front 13

Chumash

Back 13

maritime and interior-adapted hunter-gatherers of Santa Barbara Channel region in SoCal, celebrated for their elaborate maritime culture.

Front 14

interpretation

Back 14

conclusions drawn from data collected in the context of an original theoretical model, developed and modified as a project proceeds

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hominins

Back 15

primates of the family Hominidae, which includes modern humans, earlier human subspecies, and their direct ancestors

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culture

Back 16

the primary nonbiological means by which humans adapt to their natural environment

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anthropology

Back 17

the study of humankind in the widest possible sense

Front 18

hieroglyphs

Back 18

pictographic or ideographic symbols used as a written record or language in Egypt, Mesoamerica, and elsewhere

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cultural system

Back 19

the multifaceted mechanism that humans use to adapt to their physical and social environment

Front 20

archaeological data

Back 20

the natural materials recognized by the archaeologist as significant evidence, all of which are collected and recorded as part of the research

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band

Back 21

an egalitarian association of families knit together by close social ties

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archaeological record

Back 22

artifacts, sites, and other human-manufactured features or results of ancient human behavior and their matrices, the contexts in which they are found

Front 23

transformation process

Back 23

processes (which can outlast a single phase and can occur over a wide area) that change an abandoned settlement into an archaeological site through the passage of time

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artifacts

Back 24

objects manufactured or modified by humans

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artifact assemblage

Back 25

all the artifacts found at a site

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ecofacts

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arch. finds that are of cultural significance but were not manufactured by humans, such as bones and vegetal remains

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site

Back 27

any place where ecofacts, features, or objects manufactured or modified by humans are found, may range from a living site to a quarry location, and can be defined in functional and other ways

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features

Back 28

artifacts such as storage pits or postholes that cannot be removed from a site, usually only recorded

Front 29

Tollund Man

Back 29

Iron Age body of a man found in Danish bog, well preserved

Front 30

subsurface radar

Back 30

radar used to detect subsurface features such as houses and pits w/out or in advance of excavation

Front 31

context

Back 31

in archaeology, the exact location of a site, artifact, or other archaeological find in time and space

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provenance

Back 32

position of an archaeological find in time and space, recorded in 3D

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primary context

Back 33

an undisturbed association, matrix, and provenance

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secondary context

Back 34

a context of an archaeological find, that has been disturbed by subsequent human activity or natural phenomena, often applies to burials

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association

Back 35

the relationship between an artifact and other archaeological finds and a site level or another artifact, structure, or feature at the site

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middens

Back 36

accumulations of domestic garbage, shells, or other occupation debris

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superposition

Back 37

relationship between two objects, structures, or layers in a vertical plane

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stratigraphy

Back 38

observation of the superimposed layers at an archaeological site