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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Name Three Applications of Chromatography |
- Characterisation of natural products - Identification of compounds in biological fluids - Identification of compounds after synthetic procedures |
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Name Three Types of Separation by Partitioning |
- Adsorption processes (s-l or l-g) - Liquid-liquid partitioning - Ion exchange between matrix and liquid phase |
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What is the name of the crucial glassware required for liquid/liquid extraction? |
Separation/separating funnel |
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For a given compound, what is the differences in solubility of solvents quantified as? |
Distribution coefficient |
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What does liquid/liquid extraction depend on? |
Differences in solubility of a compound in various solvents |
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Normally, what two types of solvents are used in liquid extraction? |
Water + water-immiscible organic solvent |
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Name four typical solvents used in Liquid-liquid extraction |
- Ether (Et2O) - Methylene Chloride (CH2Cl2) - Chloroform (CHCl3) - n-Octanol (CH3(CH2)7OH |
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What solvents are organic compounds likely to be more soluble in? |
Organic solvents |
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What type of organic compounds can reversably be made water-soluble? |
- Organic Acids (including carboxylic acids (strong) and phenols (weak) - Organic bases (including amines) |
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How can organic acids be converted to their salt form? |
Treatment with aqueous solution of an inorganic base (e.g. NaOH or NaHCO3) |
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Why are salts soluble in water? |
They are ionic, and in general ions are soluble in water but not organic solvents |
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How can organic bases be converted to their salt form? |
Treatment with aqueous solution of an inorganic acid (such as HCl) |
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If you have a mixture of p-chloroaniline and benzoic acid - dissolved in dichloromethane, what aqueous solution will you use to extract p-chloroaniline (amine) only? |
5% HCl |
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What is the name for the ratio of concentrations of a solute between two immiscible solvents? |
Distribution coefficient |
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Name the typical values of K in chloroform/water for - benzphetamine, thiopentone, aniline, acetanilide, amphetamine, ephedrine, and glucose |
Benzphetamine - 1000 Thiopentone - 102 Aniline - 12 Acetanilide - 3 Amphetamine - 0.5 Ephedrine - 0.015 Glucose - 10^-6 |
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Name the general mobile and stationary phases for - paper chromatography, TLC, GLC, HPLC |
Paper: solvent - paper TLC: solvent - thin layer of silica GLC: gas - solid particles, 2-10mcm HPLC: solvent - solid particles, 2-10mcm |
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What is the basis of Chromatography? |
The exchange of a compound between two different phases |
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What is the rate at which a Particle elutes from the column dependant on? |
How much time the particle spends in the mobile phase |
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What effect does a larger surface have on the resolution of a chromatogram? |
Better resolution |
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