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98 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Made in the SMALL INTESTINE
ingrdient: Trygliceride Risk for heart diesese: Increases |
Chylomicron
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Made in: LIVER
Ingre: Trigliceride HD: Increases |
VLDL
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Made in : LIVER
ingre: Cholesterol HD: Increases |
LDL
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Made in : LIVER
INgred: Protein HD: Lowers |
LDL
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1- 3 grams of fat per ounce
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Poultry
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5 to 8 grams of fat per ounce
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Meat
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5 grams/tbsp
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salad dressing and mayo and bacon
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gram of fat per peanut
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1
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100 calories and 10 -18 grams of fat in a 2 tbsp serving.
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peanut butter
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Fish oil naturally contains high levels of what two of the most potentially toxic vitamins
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A and D
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Average intake for fats
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33%
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DRI for fats
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20-35%
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DV for fats
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65 grams of 2000kcals
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95% of dietary fat is in this form
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Triglyceride
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2.5% of dietary fat is in this form
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Phospholipids
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2.5% of dietary fat is in this form
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Sterols
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Found in most fatty foods like meats, oil, butter, eggs, pastries etc.
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Tryglycerides
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glycerol
fatty acid fatty acid fatty acid |
Tryglyceride
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Kinds of fatty acids
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Saturated, Monosaturated,Polysautrated
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Usually liquid at room temperature
Structure has one-double bond Generally found in plant oils (Olive oil 2. Canola oil 3. Peanut oil 4. Sesame oil |
monosaturated
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chicken without the skin
Oleic an example |
Monosaturated
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Generally of plant origin
1. Corn oil 2. Safflower oil 3. Sunflower oil 4. Soybean oil non-plant source-fish |
Polysaturated
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Usually liquid at room temperature
More than one double bond |
Polysaturated
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Types of Polysaturate fatty acids
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Linolenic
2. Linoleic |
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Refers to the addition of hydrogen to a polyunsaturated fat
Changes the fat from liquid to solid Shortening Factor in heart disease |
Hydrogenation
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Families of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
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Omega 3 and 6
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Made from 18 C linolenic
undergoes chain lengthening to become 20C fatty acid Eicopentenoic acid (EPA) decrease blood clotting and decrease blood pressure Linolenic |
Omega 3
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Made from the 18 carbon fatty acid linoleic
under goes chain lengthening to become the 20 carbon fatty acid archidonic used by the body to increase blood clotting and increase blood pressure Linoleic |
Omega 6
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Consist of glycerol plus 2 fatty acids and a third group containing phosphorus
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Phospholipids
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most common - lecithin
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Phospholipids
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Ring structure
most common cholesterol sources of cholesterol 1. Egg yolk 2. Organ meats - liver brains 3. Red meats, shellfish |
Sterol
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Cholesterol is found only in....
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animal products
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broke down some in stomache...most in small intestine.
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triglyceride
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hormone cholecyctokinin (cck) produced-intestine fat stimulates gall bladder-
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triglyceride
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Used for energy
Stored as Fat |
lipoprotein lipase
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made by the liver from excess CHO, alcohol - most triglyceride-
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Very low density (VLDL)
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contains cholesterol made by the liver from saturated fatty acids BAD CHOLESTEROL
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low density lipoprotein (LDL)
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GOOD CHOLESTEROL - return cholesterol to liver
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High density lipoprotein (HDL)
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Storage form for metabolizable fatty acids & glycerol
stored in fat cells and muscle cells |
Triglyceride
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available for immediate work
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Muscle triglyceride
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must be moved to where needed to be metabolized
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fat cell triglyceride
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cholesterol mixed with calcium
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plaque
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To prevent arteriosclerosis decrease .... & increase ...
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LDL....HDL
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percent....of cancers are directly linked to dietary choices
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30-40%
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recomend Less than 10% of total energy
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Saturated Fat
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less than 1% of total calories ...
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Trans Fat
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5-10% of total calories
17g for males 12g for females |
linoleic acid
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.6-1.2% of total calories
1.6g for men 1.1g for women |
linolenic acid
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6-10% of total calories
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omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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1-2% of total calories
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omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids
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less then 300 milligrams per day
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cholesterol
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Increase bleeding time
Interfere with wound healing Suppress immune function |
High omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids effects
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Fish oil supplements...Lack other beneficial nutrients found in fish
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Iodine, Selenium
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made from fish skins and liver
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fish oil suppplements
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RDA is for protein is
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.8g/kilograms
10-35% of kcals |
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3 ounces of meat equals how many grams of protein?
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21
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1 cup of milk equals how many grams of protein?
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8
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1 slice of bread equals how many grams of protein?
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3
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1/2c of veggies equals how many grams of protein?
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2
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Fruit and fats/oils has how many grams of protein?
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0
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types of Amino Acids
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Essential
Non-esseential |
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Animal foods and soy contain all of the......amino acids?
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Essential
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Protein foods contain how many different amino acids?
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20
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what does the structure of protein consist of?
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O2, C, H, N
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How are the elements of protien arranged?
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in structures called amino acids
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Phenyalanine
Valine Threonine Tryptophan Isoleucine Methionine Histidine Leucine Lysine |
Essential amnio acids
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Can be made in the body if protein is adequate
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Non essential amino acids
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made in the liver and used to make body protiens.
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non essential amino acids
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used to make B vitamin niacin
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tryptophan
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used to make neurotransmitter serotonin
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tryptophan
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used to make skin pigment melanin and epinephrine
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tyrosine
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Legumes lack what?
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methionine and tryptophan
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Grains lake what?
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isoleuicine and lysine
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If you mix grains with legumes you get what?
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complete protien
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how much percent is plant protien able to diegest?
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7-90%
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Animal proteins are able to be digested to what percent?
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90-99%
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Lysine
Methionine Threonine Tryptophan |
Liming amino acid
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Compares amino acid composition of a food against requirements of pre-school children and corrects for digestibility
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Protein digestibility—corrected amino acid score (PDCAAS)
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Used to determine the % DV on labels
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PDCAAS
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What does PDCAAS stand for?
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Protein Digestibility corrected amino acid score
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growth, repair, transporters,water balance, acid base balance, energy, anitbodies
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Uses for protin
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needed to keep water in blood
to little leads to edema protein needs to make it? |
Albumin
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Enough protein and adequate qualities of amino acids
Enough kcalories Adequate amounts of Vitamin D, calcium, iron, zinc and vitamin B12 |
Concerns about vegitarian diet
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includes milk eggs, vegetables, grains, legumes, fruit nuts
excludes meat, poultry fish, seafood |
lacot-oyo
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plant based foods; veggies, grains, legumes, fruits, seeds, nuts.....strict vegitarian
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Vegan
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vegan diet....only brown rice and small amount of water or herbal tea are consume...can result in malnutrition and death
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macrobiotic diet
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eats seafood, poultry, eggs dariy products, excludes or stirctly limits red meat
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semivegetarian
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diegestion of protein begins where?
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stomach
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what enzyme breaks down protien in the stomach?
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pepsin
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what enzyme in the small intestine breaks down protein?
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Trypsin and protease
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stomach, small intestine, breaks down into amino acids, absorbed in blood stream, liver, stored
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digestion and absorption of protein
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what is the primary use for protein in the diet?
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organized into chains using the recipe provided by the DNA to make new proteins....growth and repair
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where does deamination take place?
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liver
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protein is how...percent?
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16%
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kids have a .....nitrogen balance?
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positive
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women during pregnancy have a ....nitrogen balance?
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positive
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seen in starvation, cancer, anorexia
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neg. nitrogen balance
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too much protein can cause what?
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osteoporosis
dehydration enlarged liver or kidney |
