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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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how do you operationalise a variable?
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You operationalise a variable by making it measurable
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what type of confounding variables are there?
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Random errors and constant errors
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what is a random error?
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it can't be predicted and have to hope that it doesnt affect one condition more than another, (ppt throws up etc)
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What is a constant error?
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When an error keeps reoccuring 3 types- Order effects (in rptd measures- bored not fearful know whats going on)- avoid this with counter-balancing
ppt differences- (independent measures, differences age/culture) avoid this with random allocation errors of measurement (2 conditions, 1 is more effected than the other condition) |
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What is a pilot study?
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It is the first study into an area. Small scale to pick out any flaws and amend beofre full scale study is carried out.
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why are Standardised instructions and procedures used
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So research can be carried out in the same way by anybody and so that ppts are all treated the same and so ppts dont pick up clues from experimentor
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What is reliabilty?
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Same/ consistent results over and over again.
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what is validity?
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The extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure (i.e IQ does it really measure intelligence or do they just measure peoples ability to answer given questions.)
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What are the two types of reliabilty?
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Internal- how consistently the test reproduces the same results
External- how consistently tests measures between researchers and over time |
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How do you test reliabilty?
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Internal- split half method: split the test into two parts and then compare the data, if the two halves correlate then the test is reliable
External- Test re test method- where you test it at different times and see if you get similar results. |
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observer reliabilty
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If there is more than one observer- share results, consistenancy of raters responses
Inter- Rater Reliabilty |
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What are the 5 types of validity?
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Face/ Content Validity- To see if it looks like it measures what its meant to
Concurrent-compare a new method with an old one that works Construct- where a test can support a theory Predicitive- whether the test will predict future behaviou/ performance Ecological- Naturally occuring behaviour |
