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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Reflexes - grading scale
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0 = areflexia
1 = weak reflex (hypoactive) 2 = normal 3 = hyperactive with spread across joint. "spread" of reflex to other muscle groups 4 = hyperactive with clonus |
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Strength - grading scale
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0 = no movement
1 = flicker of contraction 2 = full range of motion with gravity eliminated 3 = full range of motion against gravity 4 = full range of motion against gravity and some resistance 5 = full power |
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"inability to recognize object by feeling"
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graphesthesia
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"ability to localize sensory input"
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point localization
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"inability to recognize dual, bilateral stimuli"
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extinction
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When is a CT better than an MRI
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skull fracture - (bone cannot be imaged by MRI)
Intracranial bleeds - Acute bleeds appear white on CT within 20 minutes of onset. Blood takes hours to appear on MRI Trauma - CT is safer than MRI in trauma setting b/c pt may have metallic implants, fragments, or pacemakers. It's also faster when time is of the essence. Monitoring hydrocephalus - CT is cheaper and large ventricles are easier to image. |
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increased WBC in CSF think:
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Bacterial meningitis (inc PMNs)
Viral meningitis (inc leukocytes) Subarachnoid hemorrhage |
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Bacterial meningitis labs:
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inc WBCs (PMNs)
dec glucose inc PROTEIN inc Opening Pressure |
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Viral Meningitis labs;
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inc WBCs (leukocytes)
normal glucose |
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RBCs in CSF think
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Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
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Increased protein in CSF but normal WBCs
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Guillain Barre GBS
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Significantly Increased gamma globulin (% protein) in CSF
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Multiple Sclerosis
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clear or yellow CSF
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GBS (high protein)
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Significantly increased Opening Pressure
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Pseudotumor Cerebri (all other levels are normal)
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decreased glucuse
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bacterial meningitis
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