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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Gram positive Cocci
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Staph, strept
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Gram negative Cocci
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neisseria
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Gram Positive Bacilli
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clostridium, corynebacterium, bacillus, Listeria, Mycobacteria
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Gram negative bacilli
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Enterics: e. coli, shigella salmonella, yersinia, klebsiella, proteus, enterobacter, serratia, vibrio, campylobacter, helicobacter, pseudomonas, bacteroides
Non-Enterics: Haemophilus, legionells, bordetella, yersinia, francisella, brucells pasteurella, bartonella, gardnerella |
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Gram positive branching filamentous
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Actinomyces, nocardia
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Gram negative branching filamentous
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None
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Gram positive Pleiomorphic
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None
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Gram negative pleiomorphic
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Ricketssia, Chlamydia (giemsa)
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Gram positive spiral
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None
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gram negative spiral
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leptospira, borrelia (giemsa), treponema
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No cell wall
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mycoplasma
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Neonatal Pneumonia up to 4 weeks
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Group B Strept
E. Coli |
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Childhood pneumonia (4wks to 18 years
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RSV
Mycoplasma Chlamydia pn. Strept pn. "Runts May Cough Sputum" |
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Adult Pneumonia (18 - 40)
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Mycoplasma
Chlamydia pn. Strept. pn. "My Cough Sputum" |
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Older Adult Pneumonia (40-65)
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Strept. Pneumo
H. influenza Anaerobes Viruses Mycoplasma "SHAVe MY chest" |
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Elderly Pneumonia
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S. Pneumo
Viruses Anaerobes H. influenza Gram negative Rods |
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Neonate Meningitis upto 6 weeks
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Group B strept
E coli Listeria |
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Childhood meningitis (6 wks -6 yrs)
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Strept pneumo
Neisseria Haemophilus (B) Enterovirus |
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Adults meningitis (6 yrs to 60 yrs)
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Neisseria
enterovirus s. pneumo HSV |
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Elderly Meningitis (60+)
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S. pneumo
Gr. Neg Rods Literia |
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Bacterial Meningitis labs
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/ pressure
/ PMNs / Protein \ sugar |
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Fungal/TB Meningitis labs
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/ pressure
/ Lymphos and others if chronic / protein \ sugar |
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Viral Meningitis Labs
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Normal/Increased Pressure
Increased Lymphos Normal/ increased protein Normal sugar |
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Falciform Ligament
(connects, contains, notes) |
Connects: liver to ant. abdominal wall
Structures Contained: Ligament of teres Notes Derivative of fetal umbilical vein |
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Hepatoduodenal Ligament
(connects, contains, notes) |
Connects: liver to duodenum
Structures contained: Portal triad (HA, PV, CBD) Notes: compressed by hand in omental foramen (epiploic foramen of winslow) to control bleeding; connects greater and lesser sacs |
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Gastrohepatic Ligament
(connects, contains, notes) |
Connects: liver to Lesser Curve Stomach
Structures contained: gastric arteries Notes: separates right greater and lesser sac; may be cut in surgery to access lesser sac |
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Gastrocolic Ligament
(connects, contains, notes) |
Connects: greater curve stomach to transverse colon
Structures contained: gastroepiploic arteries Notes: part of the greater omentum |
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Gastrosplenic Ligament
(connects, contains, notes) |
Connects: greater curvature to spleen
Contains: short gastrics Notes: separates greater and lesser sacs |
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Splenorenal Ligament
(connects, contains, notes) |
connects: spleen to posterior abdominal wall
contains: splenic artery and vein notes: none |
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Gastrin
(source, action, regulation, notes) |
Source: G cells (antrum stomach)
Action: inc. gastric H secretion, inc. gastric mucosa, inc. gastric motility, inc. blood flow to intestines Regulation: inc. by stomach distention, amino acids, peptides, vagal stim.; decr. by pH greater than 1.5 Notes: incr. in ZE syndrome, phenylalanine and tryptophan stimulate secretion |
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Cholecystokinin (source, action, regulation, notes)
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Source: I cells (duodenum and Jejunum)
Action: incr. pancreatic secretion and gallbladder contractions; decreases gastric emptying; stimulates sateity Regulation: incr. by fatty acids and amino acids Notes: pain with cholelithiasis after fatty meal |
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Secretin
(source, action, regulation, notes) |
Source: s cells of duod
Action: inc. pancreatic bicarb secretion and bile secretion; decrease gastric acid secretion Regulation: incr. by fatty acids in duod Notes: bicarb neutralizes gastric acid in duod allowing pancreatic enzymes to function |
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Somatostatin
(source, action, regulation, notes) |
Source: D cells
Action: Decreases gastric acid and pepsinogen, panceatic and SI fluid secretion, gallbladder contraction, insulin and glucagon release Regulation: inc. by acid, dec. by vagal stim Notes: Inhibitory hormone; antigrowthhormone effects, Rx of VIPoma and Carcinoma |
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GIP
(source, action, regulation, notes) |
Source: K cells duod and jejun
Action: Exocrine - decreases gastric acid; Endocrine - increases insulin release Regulation: all three food stuffs Notes: oral glucose used more rapidly than IV |
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(source, action, regulation, notes)
VIP |
Source: Parasymp ganglia in sphincters, gallbladder, and SI
Action: incr. intestinal water and electrolyte secretion; incr. relaxation of intestinal smM and sphincters Regulation: inc. by distention and vagal stim; dec by adrenergics Notes: vipoma - nonalpha, nonbeta, islet cell pancreatic tumor that secretes vip --> copious diarrhea |
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(source, action, regulation, notes)
Nitric Oxide |
Source:
Action: increases smM relaxation, including lower esoph sphincter Regulation: Notes: loss of NO secretion is implicated in LES tone of achalasia |
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(source, action, regulation, notes)
motilin |
Source: small intestine
Action: roduces migrating motor complexes Regulation: increased in fasting state Notes: |
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(source, action, regulation, notes)
Intrinsic Factor |
Source:Parietal cells stomach
Action:vitamin B12 binding Regulation: Notes: Autoimmune detruction of parietal cells --> chronic gastritis and pernicious anemia |
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(source, action, regulation, notes)
gastric acid |
Source: parietal cells stomach
Action: dec. stomach pH Regulation: inc. by histamine, ACh, gastrin (synergy); dec. by somatostatin, GIP, Prostaglandins, secretin Notes: gastrinoma |
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Pepsin
(source, action, regulation, notes) |
Source: Chief cells stomach
Action:protein digestion Regulation: inc. by vagal stim., local acid Notes: inactive papsinogen --> pepsin by H+ |
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HCO3-
(source, action, regulation, notes) |
Source: mucosal cells (stomach duod) and brunners glands (duod)
Action: neutralizes and prevents autodigestion Regulation:inc. by sectretin Notes: HCO3 is trapped in mucus that covers the gastric epi |
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Fe deficiency Labs
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Serum Iron: PRIMARY DECREASE
Transferrin/TIBC (indirectly measured by transferrin): increased Ferritin: decreased % transferrin saturation (serum Fe/TIBC): very decreased |
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Anemia of Chronic Disease Labs
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Serum Iron: decreased
Transferrin/TIBC (indirectly measured by transferrin): decreased* Ferritin: PRIMARY INCREASE % transferrin saturation (serum Fe/TIBC): -- * - evolutionary reasoning: pathogens use circulating iron to thrive. the body has adapted a system in which iron is stored within cells of the body and prevents pathogens from acquiring circulating iron. |
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Hemochromatosis Labs
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Serum Iron: PRIMARY INCREASE
Transferrin/TIBC (indirectly measured by transferrin): decreased Ferritin: increased % transferrin saturation (serum Fe/TIBC): very increased |
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Pregers/OCP
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Serum Iron: --
Transferrin/TIBC (indirectly measured by transferrin): PRIMARY INCREASE Ferritin: -- % transferrin saturation (serum Fe/TIBC): decreased |
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Pre Renal Labs
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Urine Osm: > 500
Urine Na: <10 FxEx Na: <1% Serum BUN/Cr: >20 |
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Renal Labs
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Urine Osm: <350
Urine Na: >20 FxEx Na: > 2% Serum BUN/Cr: <15 (10-15?) |
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Post Renal Labs
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Urine Osm: <350
Urine Na: >40 FxEx Na: >4% Serum BUN/Cr: >15 |
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Complete Mole
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46 XX, 46 XY
VERY INCREAED hCG increased uterine size 2 % convert to choriocarcinoma no fetal parts 2 sperm and empty egg |
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Partial mole
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69 XXY
increased hCG normal uterine size rarely convert yes fetal parts 2 sperm 1 egg |
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osteoporosis labs
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Serum Ca: -
Phosphate: - ALP: - PTH: - Comments: Decreased bone mass |
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osteopetrosis labs
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Serum Ca: -
Phosphate: - ALP: - PTH: - Comments: Thickened, dense bones |
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Osteomalacia/rickets labs
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Serum Ca: Primary decrease
Phosphate: decreased ALP: - PTH: increased (secondarily) Comments: soft bones |
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Osteitis fibrosa cystica labs
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Serum Ca: Increased
Phosphate: decreased ALP: increased PTH: increased (primary) Comments: brown tumors |
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Pagets disease of Bone labs
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Serum Ca: -
Phosphate: - ALP: Increased PTH: - Comments: mosaic bone architecture |
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Obturator
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Injury: anterior hip dislocation
Motor deficit: thigh aDduction Sensory deficit: medial thigh |
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Femoral
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Injury: Pelvic fracture
Motor deficit: thigh flexion and leg extension Sensory deficit: anterior thigh and medial leg |
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Common Peroneal
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Injury: lateral trauma to leg, fibular neck fracture
Motor deficit: foot eversion, dorsiflexion; toe extension Sensory deficit: anterior and lateral leg and dorsal aspect of foot |
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Tibial
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Injury: knee trauma
Motor deficit: foot inversion and plantarflexion,; toe flexion Sensory deficit: sole of foot |
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Superior Gluteal
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Injury: posterior hip dislocation and polio
Motor deficit: gluteus minimus and medius thigh aBduction (trendelenberg) Sensory deficit: - |
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Inferior Gluteal
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Injury: posterior hip dislocation
Motor deficit: Gluteus Maximus, cant jump, climb stairs, rise from seated position Sensory deficit: - |
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Deep Peroneal
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Anterior compartment syndrome
inversion and dorsiflexion toe extension lesion --> foot drop |
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Superficial Peroneal
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Anterior compartment sydnrome
eversion of foot sensation on dorsum of foot except first web |
