Fa Rapid Review - Key Associations

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa)

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn disease)

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm at the arch ~~

Back 7

3° syphilis - vasa vasorum destruction

Front 8

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 8

Marfan syndrome (cystic medial degeneration)

Front 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 10

Sickle Cell Anemia (HbS)

Front 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Back 11

H. pylori

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 12

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Front 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pneumoniae/ Neisseria meningitidis (kids)

Front 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 14

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Front 15

Bleeding disorder with GP1B deficiency

Back 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (plats can't bind vWF)

=> more plats being pumped out => large b/c they're immature

Front 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 16

mets > astrocytoma (including GBM) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Front 18

Breast cancer

Back 18

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Front 19

Breast mass

Back 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Front 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 20

Fibroadenoma

Front 21

Cardiac 1° tumor (kids)

Back 21

RhabdoMYOMA, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Front 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Front 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 23

mets,

1° myxoma

(4:1 left to right atrium; "ball and valve")

Front 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 24

Chiari II malformation

Front 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Front 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (AI) =>

Back 26

predisposition to gastric CA

(can also cause pernicious anemia - lack of RBC's due to B12 deficiency)

Front 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 27

DES exposure in utero

Front 28

Compression fracture

Back 28

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal woman; type II: elderly man or woman)

Front 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Back 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 30

VSD

Front 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver)

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 32

Constrictive pericarditis seen with:

Back 32

TB (developing world);


SLE (developed world)

Front 33

Coronary arteries and frequency of thrombosis:

Back 33

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 34

Cretinism

Back 34

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 35

Cushing syndrome

Back 35

Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy)

Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol)

ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma

Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Front 36

Constrictive pericarditis

Back 36

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

Front 37

Cyanosis (Eisenmenger/late):

Back 37

VSD, ASD, PDA

Front 38

Death in CML

Back 38

Blast crisis

Front 39

Death in SLE

Back 39

DPGN

Front 40

Dementia

Back 40

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

Front 41

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 41

Multiple sclerosis

Front 42

causes of DIC:

(6)

Back 42

1. severe sepsis

2. obstetric complications

3. cancer

4. burns

5. trauma

6. major surgery

Front 43

Dietary deficit

Back 43

Iron

Front 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 44

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 45

Ejection click

Back 45

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 46

Esophageal cancer

Back 46

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

Front 47

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Back 47

S. aureus, B. cereus

Front 48

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 48

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 49

m.c. gynecologic malignancy in US:

Back 49

Endometrial CA

- cervical CA most common worldwide

Front 50

Heart murmur, congential

Back 50

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 51

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 51

Mitral>aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Front 52

Helminth infection (U.S.)

Back 52

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 53

Rupture of middle meningeal artery:

Back 53

epidural hematoma

(trauma; lens shaped)

Front 54

Rupture of bridging veins:

Back 54

subdural hematoma

(crescent shaped)

Front 55

Hemochromatosis can result in:

(3)

Back 55

1. CHF,

2. "bronze diabetes,"

3. inc. HCC

Front 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 56

Cirrhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

Front 57

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 57

von Willebrand disease

Front 58

Hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 58

Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 59

HLA-B27

Back 59

Ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, reiter's

Front 60

HLA-DR3 or -DR4

(3)

Back 60

DM1, RA, SLE

Front 61

Holosystolic murmur

Back 61

VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation

Front 62

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 62

Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis)

Front 63

secondary HTN ~~

Back 63

2° Renal disease,

or renal artery stenosis

Front 64

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 64

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Front 65

Hypopituitarism

Back 65

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Front 66

Infection 2° to blood transfusion

Back 66

Hepatitis C

Front 67

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Back 67

Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Aspergillus (catalase positive)

Front 68

Intellectual disability

Back 68

Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome

Front 69

Kidney stones

Back 69

Calcium = radiopaque

Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque (formed by urease positive organisms such as Proteus vulgaris or Staphylococcus)

Uric acid = radiolucent

Front 70

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left)

Back 70

Eisenmenger syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Front 71

Liver disease

Back 71

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 72

Lysosomal storage disease

Back 72

Gaucher disease

Front 73

Male cancer

Back 73

Prostatic carcinoma

Front 74

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 74

Hodgkins lymphoma

Front 75

Malignancy (kids)

Back 75

ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum)

Front 76

mets to bone:

Back 76

PBKTL

in that order

Front 77

Metastases to brain

Back 77

Lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI

Front 78

Metastases to liver

Back 78

Colon >> stomach, pancreas

Front 79

Mitochondrial inheritance

Back 79

Disease occurs in both males and females, inherited through females only

Front 80

Mitral valve stenosis, think:

Back 80

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 81

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Back 81

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Front 82

myocarditis is often caused by:

Back 82

Coxsackie B

Front 83

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Back 83

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 84

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Back 84

Minimal change disease

Front 85

Neuron migration failure

Back 85

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism and anosmia)

Front 86

causes of nosocomial pneumonia

(3)

Back 86

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 87

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 87

BPH

Front 88

Opening snap

Back 88

Mitral stenosis

Front 89

Opportunistic infection in AIDS

Back 89

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

Front 90

Osteomyelitis

Back 90

S. aureus

Front 91

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Back 91

Salmonella

Front 92

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 92

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

Front 93

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Back 93

Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet-ring cells)

Front 94

Ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral)

Back 94

Serous cystadenoma

Front 95

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Back 95

Serous cystadenoCA

Front 96

Pancreatitis (acute)

Back 96

Gallstones, alcohol

Front 97

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Back 97

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 98

Patient with ALL /CLL /AML /CML

Back 98

child/elderly/elderly/MA adult

Front 99

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 99

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 100

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl)

Back 100

CML (may sometimes be associated with ALL/AML)

Front 101

Pituitary Tumor

Back 101

Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma

Front 102

1° amenorrhea

Back 102

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

Front 103

1° bone tumor (adults)

Back 103

Multiple myeloma

Front 104

1° hyperaldosteronism ~~

Back 104

Conn syndrome = primary, aldo-secreting tumor

Front 105

1° hyperparathyroidism

Back 105

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Front 106

1° liver cancer

Back 106

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, α1-antitrypsin deficiency)

Front 107

PHTN is seen in:

Back 107

COPD, asthma

(not to mention CHF)

Front 108

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels

Back 108

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco) in extremities

Front 109

Renal tumor

Back 109

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Front 110

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Back 110

Cor pulmonale

Front 111

S3 (gallop) ~~

Back 111

increased ventricular volume
(left-to-right shunt, MR, LV failure [CHF])

Front 112

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 112

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (AS, RCM)

Front 113

2° hyperparathyroidism

Back 113

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Front 114

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 114

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

Front 115

SIADH

Back 115

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 116

Site of diverticula

Back 116

Sigmoid colon

Front 117

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 117

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Front 118

Stomach cancer is usually:

Back 118

adenoCA

Front 119

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 119

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Front 120

t(14;18)

Back 120

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 121

t(8;14)

Back 121

Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation)

Front 122

t(9;22)

Back 122

Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Front 123

Temporal arteritis

Back 123

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Front 124

Testicular tumor

Back 124

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

Front 125

Thyroid cancer

Back 125

Papillary carcinoma

Front 126

benign gynecological tumor:

Back 126

Leiomyoma (EST-dependent, not precancerous)

Front 127

Tumor of infancy

Back 127

Hemangioma (like strawberry - usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Front 128

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Back 128

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Front 129

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Back 129

Neuroblastoma (malignant)

Front 130

Type of Hodgkin

Back 130

Nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Front 131

UTI

Back 131

E. coli,

Staph. saprophyticus (young women)

Front 132

Viral encephalitis that affects temporal lobe is caused by:

Back 132

HSV-1

Front 133

Vitamin deficiency (U.S.)

Back 133

Folate (pregnant women are at high risk; body stores only 3- to 4-month supply; prevents neural tube defects)