Fa Rapid Review: Key Associations

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

- Sandpaper feel
- Tx = 5-FU or surgical excision

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing's ulcer

- ↑ ICP stimulates vagal gastric secretion

Front 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling's ulcer

- greatly reduced plasma volume --> sloughing of gastric mucosa

**Think of curling iron burn**

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn's disease)

- String sign on barium swallow

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 7

1) Tertiary syphilis

2) Marfan's syndrome

Front 8

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 8

Wernicke's encephalopathy

- Thiamine deficiency causin ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and confusion
- Always give thiamine BEFORE correcting hypoglycemia a/w alcohol abuse --> glucose could worsen WE Sx

Front 9

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 9

Sickle Cell Anemia (HbS)

- Must immunize against encapsulated organisms

Front 10

Bacteria a/w stomach cancer

Back 10

H. pylori

Front 11

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 11

Neisseria meningitidis

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 12

Newborns - Grp B strep, E. coli

Kids - S. pneumo, N. meningitidis

Front 13

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 13

Spitz nevus

- most common in first 2 decades

Front 14

Bleeding disorder w/ GpIb deficiency

Back 14

Bernard-Soulier disease

- defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand's factor

Front 15

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 15

Supratentorial

Mets > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 16

Brain tumors (kids)

Back 16

Infratentorial

1) Astrocytoma
2) Medulloblastoma (cerebellum)
3) epidemoma
4) craniopharyngioma (supratentorial; Sx = bitemporal hemianopia)

Front 17

Breast cancer

Back 17

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

- #1 in US
- 1:9 women will get breast cancer in US

Front 18

Breast mass

Back 18

1) Fibrocystic change <-- young

2) Carcinoma <-- postmenopausal
- Invasive ductal carcinoma MC

Front 19

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 19

Fibroadenoma

Front 20

Primary cardiac tumor in kids

Back 20

Rhabdomyoma

Front 21

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 21

Libman-Sacks endocarditis

- non-bacterial
- Affects mitral valve

Front 22

Cardiac tumor in adults

Back 22

1) Metastasis

2) Primary myxoma
- 4:1 left to right atrium
- "Ball and valve"

Front 23

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 23

Chiari malformation

- Often presents with progressive hydrocephalus or syringomyelia

Front 24

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 24

Atrial fibrillation

- A/w high risk of emboli --> always anticoagulate if A-fib has been present for > 24 hr

Front 25

Chronic atrophic gastritis (AI)

Back 25

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma
- can also cause pernicious anemia (↓ IF --> ↓ B12)

Front 26

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 26

DES exposure in utero

Front 27

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotention

Back 27

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 28

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 28

VSD

Front 29

Congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Back 29

Dubin-Johnson syndrome

- inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile

Front 30

Constrictive pericarditis in developing world

Back 30

tuberculosis

Front 31

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 31

LAD > RCA > LCA

Front 32

Cretinism

Back 32

Iodine deficit/hypothyroidism

Front 33

Cushing's syndrome

Back 33

1) Corticosteroid therapy

2) Excess ACTH secretion by pituitary (Cushing's Dz)

Front 34

Early cyanosis

Back 34

R --> L Shunt

- Tetraology of Fallot
- Truncus arteriosis,
- Transposition of great vessels

Front 35

Late cyanosis

Back 35

L --> R shunt

Front 36

Death in CML

Back 36

Blast crisis

Front 37

Death in SLE

Back 37

Lupus nephritis

Front 38

Dementia

Back 38

1) Alzheimer's Disease

2) Multiple infarcts

Front 39

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 39

Multiple sclerosis

Front 40

DIC

Back 40

STOP Making New Thrombi

Sepsis (G-), trauma (esp. burns), obstetric complications, P, M, N, T

Front 41

#1 Dietary deficit

Back 41

Iron

- Causes a hypochromic microcytic anemia

Front 42

#1 Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 42

Zenker's diverticulum

- Dx via barium swallow

Front 43

#1 Ejection click

Back 43

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 44

#1 esophageal cancer

Back 44

Squamous cell carcinoma (worldwide)

Adenocarcinoma (US)

Front 45

#1 food poisoning agent (exotoxin mediated)

Back 45

S. aureus

B. cereus

Front 46

#1 glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 46

Berger's disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 47

#1 gynecologic malignancy

Back 47

endometrial carcinoma

Front 48

#1 heart murmur, congenital

Back 48

mitral valve prolapse

Front 49

#1 heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 49

Mitral (rheumatic fever)

Tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Aortic (2nd affected by rheumatic fever)

Front 50

#1 helminth infection in the U.S.

Back 50

1) Enterobius vermicularis (pinworms)
- Tx: bendazoles

2) Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 51

Epidural hematoma artery

Back 51

Rupture of middle meningeal arteries

- lens shaped, doesn't cross suture lines, crosses falx

Front 52

Subdural hematoma artery

Back 52

Rupture of bridging veins

- Crescent or lentiform shaped, crosses suture lines, doesn't cross falx

Front 53

Hemochromatosis

Back 53

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation

- Can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes," and ↑ risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 54

#1 cause of liver cancer

Back 54

Cirrhotic liver

- A/w Hep B and C

Front 55

#1 hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 55

von Willebrand's disease

Front 56

#1 hereditary harmless jaundice

Back 56

Gilbert's syndrome

- benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia

Front 57

HLA-B27

Back 57

PAIR:
Psoriasis
Ankylosing spondylitis
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Reiter's syndrome

- seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Front 58

HLA-DR3 and -DR4

Back 58

Diabetes mellitus type 1

rheumatoid arthritis

SLE

Front 59

Holosystic murmur

Back 59

VSD, tricupsid regurgitation, mitral regurgition

Front 60

Hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 60

Virchow's triad

- results in venous thrombosis

Front 61

Secondary hypertension

Back 61

Renal disease

(CKD, renal artery stenosis)

- If young female w/ HTN, check for OCP

Front 62

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 62

Thyroidectomy

Front 63

Hypopituitarism

Back 63

Pituitary adenoma

- Usually benign

Front 64

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

Back 64

Hep C

Front 65

Kidney stones

Back 65

1) Calcium = radiopaque

2) Struvite (ammonium) = radiopaque
- formed by urease positive organisms such as proteus vulgaris or staph)

3) Uric acid = radiolucent

Front 66

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L --> R become R --> L)

Back 66

Eisenmenger's syndrome

- Caused by ASD, VSA, PDA
- results in pulmonary HTN and polycythemia

Front 67

#1 cause of liver disease

Back 67

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 68

#1 lysosomal storage disease

Back 68

Gaucher's disease

- "crinkled tissue paper" cytoplasm

Front 69

Male cancer

Back 69

prostate cancer

Front 70

Malignancy a/w noninfectious fever

Back 70

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 71

MC malignant skin tumor

Back 71

Basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

- Melanoma is the MC that metastasizes

Front 72

MC cause of mental retardation

Back 72

1) FAS

2) Down's = MC congenital

3) Fragile-X = MC heritable

Front 73

Metastases to bone

Back 73

PT Barnum Loves Kids

Prostate, thyroid, testes, breast, lung, kidney

- UG association

Front 74

Metastases to brain

Back 74

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia

Lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (RCC), GI

Front 75

Metastases to liver

Back 75

Bad Cells Penetrate Good Liver

Breast, colon, pancreas, gastric, lung

Front 76

Mitral valve stenosis

Back 76

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 77

Mixed UMN and LMN motor neuron disease

Back 77

ALS

Front 78

MC myocarditis

Back 78

Coxsackie B and echovirus

- Also the MC causes of viral (aseptic) meningitis

Front 79

MC neoplasm in kids

Back 79

1) ALL

2) cerebellar astrocytoma

Front 80

MC nephrotic syndrome in adults

Back 80

Membranous glomerulonephritis

Front 81

MC nephrotic syndrome in kids

Back 81

Minimal change disease

- A/w infections and vaccinations
- Tx: corticosteroids

Front 82

Nosocomial pneumonia

Back 82

Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas, s. aureus

Front 83

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 83

BPH

Front 84

Opening snap

Back 84

mitral stenosis

Front 85

opportunistic infections in AIDs

Back 85

pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

- Tx: TMP-SMX (dapsone if sulfa allergy) prophylaxis when CD4 < 200

Front 86

#1 cause of osteomyelitis

Back 86

S. aureus

Front 87

osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease patient

Back 87

salmonella

Front 88

Osteomyelitis in IV drug user

Back 88

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

Front 89

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Back 89

Krukenberg tumor

- Mucin-secreting signet-ring cells

Front 90

#1 ovarian tumor (benign)

Back 90

Serous cystadenoma

Front 91

#1 malignant ovarian tumor

Back 91

Serous cystadenoma

Front 92

Acute pancreatitis

Back 92

Gallstone
Alcohol
↑ TG
↑ Ca

Front 93

Chronic pancreatitis

Back 93

Alcohol (adults)

Cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 94

Epidemiology for patient with:

ALL
CLL
AML
CML

Back 94

ALL: child

CLL: adults > 60 yo

AML: Adult > 60 yo

CML: Adult 35-50

Front 95

Pelvic inflammatory disease

Back 95

Neisseria gonorrheae

- also causes monoarticular arthritis

Front 96

Philadelphia Chromosome

Back 96

t(9;22)
bcr-abl

- Cause CML

Front 97

Pituitary tumor

Back 97

1) Prolactinoma

2) Somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma

Front 98

Primary amenorrhea

Back 98

Turner syndrome (XO)

Front 99

Primary bone tumor in adults

Back 99

Multiple myeloma

- Plasmacytoma that makes monoclonal Ab, giving a monoclonal Ab spike on serum protein electrophoresis

Front 100

Primary hyperaldosteronism

Back 100

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 101

Primary hyperparathyroidism

Back 101

1) Adenomas

2) Hyperplasia

3) Carcinoma

Front 102

Primary liver cancer

Back 102

Hepatocellular carcinoma

- A/w chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin defeciency
- Tumor marker: alpha-FP

Front 103

MC cause of pulmonary HTN

Back 103

COPD

Front 104

MC recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Back 104

Buerger's disease

- Strongly a/w tobacco
- Often a/w Reynaud's

Front 105

MC renal tumor

Back 105

RCC

- A/w von Hippel-Lindau and ADPKD
- paraneoplastic syndrome: ↑ EPO, renin, PTH, and ACTH

Front 106

R heart failure d/t pulmonary cause

Back 106

Cor pulmonale

Front 107

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Back 107

↑ ventricular filling

- L --> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure/CHF

Front 108

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 108

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle

- Aortic stenosis, restriction cardiomyopathy

Front 109

Secondary hyperparathyroidism

Back 109

Hypocalcemia of CKD

Front 110

MC sexually transmitter disease

Back 110

Chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhea)

Front 111

MC cause of SIADH

Back 111

Small cell (oat cell) carcinoma of the lung (paraneoplastic syndrome)

- SIADH = ↓ plasma Na d/t ADH-induced water retention

Front 112

MC site of diverticula

Back 112

Sigmoid colon

Front 113

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 113

Abdominal aorta > coronary > popliteal > carotid

Front 114

MC stomach cancer

Back 114

Adenocarcinoma

Front 115

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 115

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

- Gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas

Front 116

t(14;18)

Back 116

Follicular lymphomas

- bcl-2 activation

Front 117

t(8;14)

Back 117

Burkitt's lymphoma

- c-myc activation

Front 118

t(9;22)

Back 118

Philadelphia chromosome

- bcr-abl hybrid --> CML

Front 119

t(11;22)

Back 119

Ewing sarcoma

Front 120

Temporal arteritis

Back 120

Risk of ipsilateral blindness d/t thrombosis of ophthalmic artery

- polymyalgia rheumatica
- ↑ ESR

Front 121

MC testicular tumor

Back 121

Seminoma

Front 122

Thyroid cancer

Back 122

Papillary carcinoma

Front 123

MC tumor in women

Back 123

Leiomyoma

- estrogen dependent
- benign

Front 124

MC tumor of infancy

Back 124

Hemangioma

- usually regresses spontaneously by childhood

Front 125

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in adults

Back 125

Pheochromocytoma

Front 126

MC tumor of the adrenal medulla in kids

Back 126

Adrenal neuroblastoma

- Malignant
- Homer-Wright rosettes

Front 127

MC type of Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 127

Nodular sclerosis

Others: mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion

Front 128

MC type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma

Back 128

Diffuse large cell

Front 129

UTI

Back 129

E. coli
Staph. saprophyticus
Proteus

Front 130

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Back 130

HSV

Front 131

MC vitamin deficiency

Back 131

Folic acid

- Body stores a 3-4 month supply