Fa: Rapid Review - Classic Labs/findings

Front 1

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-centromere antibodies?

Back 1

Scleroderma (CREST)

Front 2

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-desmoglein (epithelial) antibodies?

Back 2

Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)

Front 3

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies?

Back 3

Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)

Front 4

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-histone antibodies?

Back 4

Drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide)

Front 5

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-IgG antibodies?

Back 5

Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonnière deformity)

Front 6

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-mitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)?

Back 6

Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal hypertension)

Front 7

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)?

Back 7

- Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss Syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA)
- Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)

Front 8

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-nuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)?

Back 8

SLE (type III hypersensitivity)

Front 9

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-platelet antibodies?

Back 9

Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

Front 10

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-topoisomerase antibodies?

Back 10

Diffuse Systemic Scleroderma

Front 11

What diagnosis / disease is associated with anti-transglutaminase / anti-gliadin / anti-endomysial antibodies?

Back 11

Celiac Disease (diarrhea, distention, and weight loss)

Front 12

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray?

Back 12

Colorectal cancer (usually left-sided)

Front 13

What diagnosis / disease is associated with azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts?

Back 13

Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic (M3) type)

Front 14

What diagnosis / disease is associated with bacitracin response?

Back 14

- Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A)
- Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)

Front 15

What diagnosis / disease is associated with bamboo spine on x-ray?

Back 15

Ankylosing Spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)

Front 16

What diagnosis / disease is associated with basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs?

Back 16

Howell-Jolly Bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)

Front 17

What diagnosis / disease is associated with basophilic stippling of RBCs?

Back 17

Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia

Front 18

What diagnosis / disease is associated with bloody tap on lumbar puncture?

Back 18

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

Front 19

What diagnosis / disease is associated with a boot-shaped heart on x-ray?

Back 19

Tetralogy of Fallot, Right Ventricular Hypertrophy

Front 20

What diagnosis / disease is associated with branching G+ rods with sulfur granules?

Back 20

Actinomyces israelii

Front 21

What diagnosis / disease is associated with bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging?

Back 21

Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)

Front 22

What diagnosis / disease is associated with a "brown" tumor of the bone?

Back 22

Hyperparathyroidism or Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)

Front 23

What diagnosis / disease is associated with cardiomegaly with apical atrophy?

Back 23

Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)

Front 24

What diagnosis / disease is associated with cellular crescents in Bowman capsule?

Back 24

Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis

Front 25

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "chocolate cyst" of ovary?

Back 25

Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)

Front 26

What diagnosis / disease is associated with circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils?

Back 26

Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, and retinoblastoma)

Front 27

What diagnosis / disease is associated with colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs?

Back 27

Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene → fat-soluble vitamin deficiency and mucus plugs)

Front 28

What diagnosis / disease is associated with decreased AFP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum?

Back 28

Down Syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality

Front 29

What diagnosis / disease is associated with degeneration of dorsal column nerves?

Back 29

Tabes Dorsalis (3° syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected)

Front 30

What diagnosis / disease is associated with depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra?

Back 30

Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)

Front 31

What diagnosis / disease is associated with desquamated epithelium casts in the sputum?

Back 31

Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucus plugs)

Front 32

What diagnosis / disease is associated with disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid?

Back 32

Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)

Front 33

What diagnosis / disease is associated with dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia?

Back 33

Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)

Front 34

What diagnosis / disease is associated with enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies?

Back 34

"Owl eye" appearance of CMV

Front 35

What diagnosis / disease is associated with enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei?

Back 35

"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)

Front 36

What diagnosis / disease is associated with eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in liver cells?

Back 36

Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)

Front 37

What diagnosis / disease is associated with eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions in nerve cells?

Back 37

Lewy Body (Parkinson disease)

Front 38

What diagnosis / disease is associated with eosinophilic globules in liver?

Back 38

Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)

Front 39

What diagnosis / disease is associated with eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells?

Back 39

Negri bodies of rabies

Front 40

What diagnosis / disease is associated with extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain?

Back 40

Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)

Front 41

What diagnosis / disease is associated with giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")?

Back 41

Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)

Front 42

What diagnosis / disease is associated with glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells?

Back 42

Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)

Front 43

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with "hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray?

Back 43

Marrow expansion:
- β-thalassemia
- Sickle cell anemia

Front 44

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with elevated hCG?

Back 44

- Choriocarcinoma
- Hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo)
- Multiple pregnancy

Front 45

What diagnosis / disease is associated with heart nodules (granulomatous)?

Back 45

Aschoff bodies (Rheumatic Fever)

Front 46

What diagnosis / disease is associated with heterophile antibodies?

Back 46

Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)

Front 47

What diagnosis / disease is associated with hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions?

Back 47

Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)

Front 48

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with high levels of D-dimers?

Back 48

- DVT
- PE
- DIC

Front 49

What diagnosis / disease is associated with hilar lymphadenopathy and peripheral granulomatous lesions in the middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)?

Back 49

Ghon complex (1° TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)

Front 50

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT?

Back 50

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

Front 51

What diagnosis / disease is associated with hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)?

Back 51

Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)

Front 52

What diagnosis / disease is associated with hypersegmented neutrophils?

Back 52

Megaloblastic Anemia
- B12 deficiency - with neurologic symptoms
- Folate deficiency - without neurologic symptoms

Front 53

What diagnosis / disease is associated with hypertension, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis?

Back 53

Conn Syndrome

Front 54

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with hypochromic, microcytic anemia?

Back 54

- Iron deficiency anemia
- Lead poisoning
- Thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)

Front 55

What diagnosis / disease is associated with increased AFP in amniotic fluid and maternal serum?

Back 55

- Dating error
- Anencephaly
- Spina bifida (neural tube defect)

Front 56

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with increased uric acid levels?

Back 56

- Gout
- Lesch-Nyhan syndrome
- Tumor lysis syndrome
- Loop and thiazide diuretics

Front 57

What diagnosis / disease is associated with intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies?

Back 57

Cowdry type A bodies (HSV or CMV)

Front 58

What diagnosis / disease is associated with iron containing nodules in alveolar sputum?

Back 58

Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: ↑ chance of mesothelioma)

Front 59

What diagnosis / disease is associated with keratin pearls on a skin biopsy?

Back 59

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Front 60

What diagnosis / disease is associated with large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes and immunodeficiency?

Back 60

Chédiak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)

Front 61

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray?

Back 61

Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)

Front 62

What diagnosis / disease is associated with a linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane?

Back 62

Goodpasture syndrome

Front 63

What diagnosis / disease is associated with low serum ceruloplasmin?

Back 63

Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)

Front 64

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence?

Back 64

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)

Front 65

What diagnosis / disease is associated with lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray?

Back 65

Multiple myeloma

Front 66

What diagnosis / disease is associated with mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst?

Back 66

Fibrocystic change of the breast

Front 67

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with monoclonal antibody spike?

Back 67

- Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA)
- Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging)
- Waldenström (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia
- Primary amyloidosis

Front 68

What diagnosis / disease is associated with mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus?

Back 68

"Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)

Front 69

What diagnosis / disease is associated with narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray?

Back 69

"String sign" (Crohn disease)

Front 70

What diagnosis / disease is associated with necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis?

Back 70

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture Syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies)

Front 71

What diagnosis / disease is associated with needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals?

Back 71

Gout (monosodium urate crystals)

Front 72

What diagnosis / disease is associated with nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli?

Back 72

Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)

Front 73

What diagnosis / disease is associated with novobiocin response?

Back 73

- Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis
- Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Front 74

What diagnosis / disease is associated with a "nutmeg" appearance of the liver?

Back 74

Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure

Front 75

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "onion skin" periosteal reaction?

Back 75

Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)

Front 76

What diagnosis / disease is associated with optochin response?

Back 76

- Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Resistant: Viridans Streptococci

Front 77

What diagnosis / disease is associated with periosteum raised from bone creating a triangular area?

Back 77

Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, or pyogenic osteomyelitis)

Front 78

What diagnosis / disease is associated with podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy?

Back 78

Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)

Front 79

What diagnosis / disease is associated with polished "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion?

Back 79

Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)

Front 80

What diagnosis / disease is associated with protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein?

Back 80

Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)

Front 81

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with psammoma bodies?

Back 81

- Meningiomas
- Papillary thyroid carcinoma
- Mesothelioma
- Papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary

Front 82

What diagnosis / disease is associated with pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy?

Back 82

Glioblastoma multiforme

Front 83

What diagnosis / disease is associated with RBC casts in the urine?

Back 83

Acute glomerulonephritis

Front 84

What diagnosis / disease is associated with rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells?

Back 84

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

Front 85

What diagnosis / disease is associated with renal epithelial casts in urine?

Back 85

Acute toxic / viral renal injury

Front 86

What diagnosis / disease is associated with rhomboid crystals, positively birefringenet?

Back 86

Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)

Front 87

What diagnosis / disease is associated with rib notching?

Back 87

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 88

What diagnoses / diseases are associated with ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS?

Back 88

- Toxoplasma gondii
- CNS lymphoma

Front 89

What diagnosis / disease is associated with sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macropahges ("starry sky" histology)?

Back 89

Burkitt Lymphoma (t[8;14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)

Front 90

What diagnosis / disease is associated with silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons?

Back 90

Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)

Front 91

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray?

Back 91

Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)

Front 92

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "spikes" on basement membrane and "dome-like" subepithelial deposits?

Back 92

Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)

Front 93

What diagnosis / disease is associated with stacks of RBCs?

Back 93

Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)

Front 94

What diagnosis / disease is associated with stippled vaginal epithelial cells?

Back 94

"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)

Front 95

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells?

Back 95

Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histocytosis X: eosinophilic granuloma)

Front 96

What diagnosis / disease is associated with thrombi made of white/red layers?

Back 96

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets and RBCs)

Front 97

What diagnosis / disease is associated with the "thumb sign" on lateral x-ray?

Back 97

Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae)

Front 98

What diagnosis / disease is associated with thyroid-like appearance of kidney?

Back 98

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 99

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy?

Back 99

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 100

What diagnosis / disease is associated with triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles?

Back 100

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 101

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "waxy" casts with very low urine flow?

Back 101

Chronic end-stage renal disease

Front 102

What diagnosis / disease is associated with WBC cats in urine?

Back 102

Acute Pyelonephritis

Front 103

What diagnosis / disease is associated with WBCs that look smudged?

Back 103

CLL (almost always B cell)

Front 104

What diagnosis / disease is associated with "wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy?

Back 104

Lupus nephropathy

Front 105

What diagnosis / disease is associated with yellowish CSF?

Back 105

Xanthochromia (eg, due to subarachnoid hemorrhage)