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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
anti- centromere AB's
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LIMITED scleroderma (CREST)
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anti-desmoglein AB's
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Pemphigus vulgaris
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anti-GBM AB's
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Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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anti-histone AB's
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DILE
(hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide) |
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anti-IgG AB's =
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Rheumatoid Factor
- but anti-CCP |
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anti-mit. AB's
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primary biliary cirrhosis
(female, cholestasis, portal HTN) |
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antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA);
granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) |
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anti-nuclear AB's
(anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
SLE
(Type III HSR) |
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anti-plat AB's
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ITP
(idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura) |
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anti-topo AB's
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DIFFUSE systemic scleroderma
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anti-transglutaminase,
anti-endomysial AB's |
Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
+ anti-gliadin |
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"apple core" lesion on abdominal CT
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CRC (usually left sided)
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Azurophilic peroxidase + granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts
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Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic (M3) type)
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Bacitracin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A);
Resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B) |
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"Bamboo spine" on xray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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(basophilic) nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or non-functional spleen)
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Basophilic strippling of RBCs
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Boot-shaped" heart on x-ray ~~
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RVH
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branching gram-positive rod with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
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hyperPTH / osteitis fibrosa cystica
(deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color) |
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DCM with apical atrophy
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Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor surrounding pale neurofibrils
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Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plug)
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Decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves ~~
(3) |
1. Tabes dorsalis (tertiary syphilis)
2. subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected) (B12, Vit E. deficiency) 3. Friedrich's ataxia |
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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"owl eye" appearance of CMV
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"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei =
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enlarged thyroid cells with ground-glass nuclei
(Papillary CA of the thyroid) |
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Mallory body ~~
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alcoholic liver disease
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
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Councilman body ~~
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toxic or viral hepatitis
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Negri bodies =
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eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve
(rabies) |
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of the brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("owl's eye")
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
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Schiller-Duval bodies =
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glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cell
(yolk sac tumor) |
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"Hair on end" (crew-cut) appearance on x-ray:
(2) |
1. B-thalassemia
2. SCA (marrow expansion) |
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hCG elevated
(4) |
1. choriocarcinoma
2. hydatidiform mole 3. ectopic 4. preg. |
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Aschoff bodies =
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granulomatous nodules of
rheumatic fever |
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heterophile AB's ~~
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infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Charcot-Leyden crystals =
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hexagonal, double-pointed, needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions in asthma
(eosinophilic granules) |
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high levels of D-dimers seen in:
(3) |
DVT,
PE, DIC |
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Ghon complex =
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hilar LAD, peripheral granulomas - can calcify
(primary TB) |
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"Honeycomb lung" on xray or CT ~~
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interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
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Trousseau syndrome =
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hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
(adenocCA of pancreas or lung) |
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Hypersegmented N's ~~
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
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Conn syndrome (Aldo-producing adenoma) =>
(3) |
HTN, hypoK+, met. ALK.
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
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Increased aFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum seen in:
(2) |
1. Dating error
2. NTD's (anencephaly, spina bifidas) |
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyham syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome,
thiazide AND Loop diuretics |
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Cowdry type A bodies ~~
(2) |
HSV or CMV
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Ferruginous bodies =
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asbestosis
- iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum - |
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Keratin pearls on skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation) shows:
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large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray ~~
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UC (loss of haustra)
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Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
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Goodpasture syndrome
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"Lumpy bumpy" appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence
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PSGN
(immune complex deposition of IgG and C3) |
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Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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mammary gland cyst ("blue domed") ~~
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fibrocystic change of the breast
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monoclonal antibody spike seen in:
(4) |
* MM
(usu IgG or IgA) * MGUS (consequence of aging) * Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (IgM) * Primary amyloidosis |
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Mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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"Signet ring" (gastric CA)
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"String sign" = narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray =
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Crohn's
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Wegener's,
and Goodpasture syndrome |
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Needle-shaped, NEGATIVELY birefringent crystals
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Gout (MSU crystals)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli ~~
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KW nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Novobiocin response
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Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis;
Resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus |
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"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
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chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
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Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Optochin response
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Sensitive: streptococcus pneumoniae;
Resistant: viridans streptococci |
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area ~~
(3) |
Codman triangle on x-ray
(osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, ostomyelitis) |
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Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory-like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
or DMD |
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
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Psammoma bodies
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Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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GBM
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RBC casts in urine ~~
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acute glomerulonephritis
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Reinke crystals =
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rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in tumor
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renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral renal injury
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (CPP crystals)
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Rib notching seen in:
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Coarctation of the aorta
(= collateral circulation) |
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Ring-enhancing brain lesions in AIDS:
(2) |
Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
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Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky" histology)
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Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, associated with EBV; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
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Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
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"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepithelial deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis
(may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
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Rouleux formation seen in:
(2) |
high ESR,
MM |
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stippled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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Birbeck granules =
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"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Thrombi made of white/red layers =
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Lines of Zahn
(arterial thrombus, layers of platelts/RBCs) |
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"thumb sign" on lateral x-ray ~~
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Epiglottitis (H. influ.)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney ~~
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
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MPGN,
esp. tyoe I |
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TG accumulation in liver cell vacuoles ~~
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow ~~
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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"smudge cells" (WBCs) ~
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CLL (almost always B cell)
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"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
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Lupus nephropathy
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yellowish CSF = Xanthochromia; seen in:
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SAH
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