Fa Rapid Review: Class Labs/findings

Front 1

Streak ovaries, coarctation of aorta, horseshoe kidney

Back 1

Turner's Syndrome

- XO
- Short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

Front 2

Sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi

Back 2

Gout/podagra

Usually d/t hyperuricemia

Front 3

Swollen, hard, painful finger joints

Back 3

Osteoarthritis

- Osteophytes in joints
- Involves PIP (Bouchard's nodes) and DIP (Heberden's nodes)

Front 4

Systolic ejection murmur
(crescendo-decrescendo)

Back 4

Aortic valve stenosis

Front 5

Medullary thyroid carcinoma, parathyroid tumor, pheochromocytoma

Back 5

MEN IIa

"Sipple's syndrome"

Front 6

Toe extension/fanning upon plantar scrape

Back 6

Babinski's sign

- Indicates UMN lesion in anyone other than neonates

Front 7

Unilateral facial dropping involving the forehead

Back 7

Bell's palsy (LMN CN VII palsy)

- If doesn't involve forehead - stroke
- If bilateral: Guillan-barre syndrome or Lyme Dz

Front 8

A male with urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis

Back 8

Reiter's syndrome

- reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27
- a seronegative spondyloarthropathy
- "Can't see, can't pee, can't climb a tree"

Front 9

Vascular birthmark (Port-wine stain)

Back 9

Hemangioma

- Benign
- If in ophthalmologic division of CN V, it's associated with Sturge-Weber syndrome --> underlying vascular formation

Front 10

Vasculitis from exposure to endotoxin causing glomerular thrombosis

Back 10

Shwartzman reaction

- follows second exposure to endotoxin

Front 11

Vomiting blood following esophogogastric lacerations

Back 11

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

- Associated with alcoholics and bulimics
- Must differentiate from Borave Syndrome --> esophageal rupture; surgical emergency

Front 12

"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow

Back 12

End stage CKD

Front 13

WBC casts in urine

Back 13

Acute pyelonephritis

- WBCs alone indicate cystitis. The cast formation indicates infection is in the kidney

Front 14

Weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy

Back 14

Whipple's disease

- Caused by Tropheryma whippelii

Front 15

"Worst headache of my life!"

Back 15

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

- Dx: CT scan; if negative, follow with lumbar puncture
- Causes: Berry anneurysm (APKD, etc), AV malformation

Front 16

Azurophilic granular needles in leukemic blasts

******

Back 16

Auer rods

- Acute myelogenous leukemia: especially the promyelocytic type)

Front 17

"Bamboo spine" on xray

Back 17

Akylosing spondylitis

- Chronic inflammatory arthritis
- seronegative spondyloarthropathy
- HLA-B27
- Presents in males in their 20s

Front 18

Basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs

Back 18

Howell-Jolly boddies

- D/t splenectomy (Sickle cell pts, trauma, etc)

Front 19

Basophilic stippling of RBCs

Back 19

1) Lead poisoning

OR

2) Sideroblastic anemia

Front 20

Bloody tap on LP

Back 20

Subarachnoid hemorrhage

- test 3rd tube (1st tube always bloody from trauma of LP)
- SA hemorrhage caused by Berry anneurysm, AV malformations)

Front 21

"Boot-shaped" heart of CXR

Back 21

Tetralogy of Fallot (RVH)

Front 22

Branching G+ rods with sulfur granules

Back 22

Actinomyces israelii

Front 23

Bronchogenic apical lung tumor

Back 23

Pancoast tumor

- Can compress sympatheric ganglion --> Horner's syndrome

Front 24

"Brown" tumor of bone

Back 24

Hemorrhage (hemosiderin) --> causes brown color of osteolytic cysts

Caused by:
- Hyperparathyroidism
- Osteitis fibrosa cystica (Von-Reckling-Housen syndrome of bone)

Front 25

Cardiomegally with apical atrophy

Back 25

Chagas Disease (Trypanosmoa cruzi)

- Late stage of disease
- Causes cardiomegally, megacolon, and megaesophagus

Front 26

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-dsDNA, anti-Smith

Back 26

SLE-derived renal disease

Front 27

Cellular crescents in Bowman's capsule

Back 27

Rapidly progressive crescentic GN

Front 28

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Antihistone

Back 28

Drug-induced lupus

(also found in 15% of the systemic lupus population)

Front 29

"Chocolate cysts" of ovary

Back 29

Endometriosis

- Frequently bilateral
- Cysts filled with coagulated blood
- Also will see "gun powder" stains on peritoneum from blood

Front 30

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-IgG (rheumatoid factor)

Back 30

Rheumatoid arthritis

RF is an IgM that attacks IgG

Front 31

Circular groupings of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils

Back 31

Homer Wright rosettes (pseudorosettes)

Caused by:
- Adrenal neuroblastoma
- Medulloblastoma (brain)
- Ewing sarcoma

-Don't confuse with perivascular rosettes

Front 32

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anticentromere

Back 32

CREST syndrome (Scleroderma)

"Crest = antiCentromere"

Front 33

Perivascular (pseudo)rosettes or tumor cells

Back 33

Apendimoma

Front 34

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-Scl-70 (anti-DNA topoisomerase I)

Back 34

Scleroderma (diffuse)

Front 35

Colonies of mucoid pseudomonas in lungs

Back 35

Cystic fibrosis

- CFTR mutation in Caucasians
- Results in fat-soluble vitamin deficiency (decreased pancreatic fn), and mucus plugs

Front 36

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Antimitochondrial

Back 36

Primary biliary cirrhosis

Front 37

Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells

Back 37

Reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor)

Front 38

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Antigliadin, antiendomysial

Back 38

Celiac disease

Front 39

Renal epithelial casts in urine

Back 39

Acute toxic/viral nephritis

Front 40

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-basement membrane

Back 40

Goodpasture's syndrome

Front 41

Rib notching

Back 41

Coarctation of the aorta

Front 42

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-desmoglein

Back 42

Pemphigus vulgaris

Front 43

Sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells

("starry sky" appearance on histology)

Back 43

Burkitt's lymphoma

- t(8:14), c-myc activation
- associated with EBV

Front 44

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Antimicrosomal, antithryoglobulin

Back 44

Hashimoto's thyroiditis

Front 45

Silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons

Back 45

Pick bodies

- Pick's disease: progressive dementia, similar to Alzheimer's

Front 46

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-Jo-1

Back 46

Polymyositis, dermatomyositis

Front 47

"Soap bubble" in femur or tibia on xray

Back 47

Giant cell tumor of the bone

- generally benign

Front 48

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-SS-A (anti-Ro)

Back 48

Sjogren's syndrome
SLE

Front 49

"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" endothelial deposits

Back 49

Membranous glomerulonephritis

- may progress to nephrotic syndrome

Front 50

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-SS-B (Anti-La)

Back 50

Sjogren's syndrome
SLE

Front 51

Stacks of red blood cells

Back 51

Rouleaux formation

- Multiple myeloma
- High ESR

Front 52

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-U1 RNP (ribonucleoprotein)

Back 52

Mixed connective tissue disease

Front 53

Stippled vaginal epithelial cells

Back 53

"Clue cells" a/w Gardnerella vaginalis

Front 54

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Amti-smooth muscle

Back 54

Autoimmune hepatitis

Front 55

"Tennis racket" shaped cytoplasmic organelles on EM in Langerhans cells

Back 55

Birbeck granules

- histiocytosis X --> eosinophilic granuloma

Front 56

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-glutamate decarboxylase

Back 56

Type 1 diabetes mellitus

Front 57

Thrombi made of white/red layers

Back 57

Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)

Front 58

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

c-ANCA

Back 58

Wegner's granulomatosis

c-ANCA = cytoplasmic anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody

Front 59

"Thumb sign" on lateral xray

Back 59

Epiglottitis (H. influnezae type B)

Front 60

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

p-ANCA

Back 60

Various vasculidities
- microscopic polyangitis
- Churg-Strauss syndrome

p-ANCA = periplasmic-ANCA

Front 61

Thyroid-like appearance of kidney

Back 61

Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis

Front 62

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

mpo-ANCA

Back 62

Pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis

mpo-ANCA = myeloperoxidase ANCA

Front 63

"Tram-tracking" appearance on LM

Back 63

Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis

Front 64

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-TSH receptor

Back 64

Grave's Dz

**Unique b/c Ab STIMULATES the receptor --> hyperthyroidism**

Front 65

Triglyceride accumulation in liver cells vacuoles

Back 65

Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)

Front 66

This autoantibody is associated with which disease(s)?

Anti-ACh receptor

Back 66

Myasthenia Gravis

Front 67

WBCs that look "smudged"

Back 67

CLL

- almost always B cell
- affects the elderly

Front 68

Positive ANA

What diseases have this?

Back 68

SLE
Sjogrens
Scleroderma
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
RA
Juvenile arthritis
Mixed CT disease

Front 69

"Wire loop" glomerular appearance on LM

Back 69

Lupus nephropathy

Front 70

Yellow CSF

Back 70

Xanthochromia

- caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage