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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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h1 blockers: 1st generation
diphenhydramine, dimenhydrinate, chlorpheniramine |
reversible inhibitors of h1 histamine receptors
use: allergy, motion sickness, sleep aid. toxicity: sedation, antimuscarinic, anti-a-adrenergic |
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h1 blockers: 2nd generation
loratadine, fexofenadine, desloratadine, cetirizine |
reversible inhibitors of h1 histamine receptors.
use: allergy. toxicity: far less sedating than 1st generation b/c of decreased entry into CNS. |
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asthma drug therapy goal
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bronchoconstriction is mediated by:
1. inflammatory processes 2. sympathetic tone therapy directed at these 2 pathways. |
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asthma drug
nonspecific b-agonist isoproterenol |
relaxes bronchial smooth muscle (b2). adverse effect is tachycardia (b1).
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asthma drug
b2 agonist albuterol, metaproterenol, salmeterol |
albuterol/metaproterenol - relaxes bronchial SM (b2). used during acute exacerbations.
salmeterol - long acting agent for prophylaxis (b2). AE are tremor and arrhythmias. |
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asthma drug
methylxanthines theophylline |
likely causes bronchodilation by inhibiting phosphodiesterase, decreasing cAMP hydrolysis (increase overall cAMP levels in cell). usage is limted b/c of narrow therapeutic index (cardiotoxicity, neurotoxicity); metabolized by p450. blocks actions of adenosine.
treat poisoning with b-blockers. |
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asthma drug
muscarinic antagonist ipratropium |
competitive block of muscarinic receptors, preventing bronchoconstriction. also used for COPD.
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asthma drugs
cromolyn |
prevents release of mediators from mast cells. effective only for the prophylaxis of asthma. not effective during an acute asthmatic attack. toxicity is rare.
histamine causes bronchoconstriction. |
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asthma drugs
corticosteroids beclomethasone, prednisone |
inhibts the synthesis of virtually all cytokines. inactivate NF-kB, the TF that induces the production of TNF-a among other inflammatory agents. 1st line therapy for chronic asthma.
use associated with development of candidiasis in asthmatic patients. |
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asthma drugs
antileukotrienes zileuton zafirlukast, montelukast |
zileuton: a 5-lipoxygenase pathway inhibitor. blocks conversion of arachidonic acid to leukotrienes.
zafirlukast, montelukast: block leukotriene receptors. especially good for aspirin-induced asthma. |
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Expectorants
guaifenesin (robitussin, mucinex) |
removes excess sputum but large doses necessary; does not suppress cough reflex
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expectorants
N-acetylcysteine |
mucolytic: can loosen mucous plugs in CF patients. also used as an antidote for acetaminophen OD
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Bosentan
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used to treat pulmonary hypertension. competively antagonizes endothelin-a receptors, decreasing pulmonary vascular resistance.
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