Fa - Pharm Part 2

Front 1

Ephedrine is a mixed agent:

(2)

Back 1

1. weak, direct agonist of both alpha AND B r's

2. Strong indirect effect of inducing presynaptic release of stored cat's

Front 2

Ephedrine is used to treat:

(2)

Back 2

1. hypotension,

2. bradycardia

Front 3

ZDV full name =

Back 3

Zidovudine

Front 4

didanosine abbr:

Back 4

ddI

Front 5

stavudine abbr:

Back 5

d4t

Front 6

lamivudine abbr:

Back 6

3TC

Front 7

emtricitabine abbr:

Back 7

FTC

Front 8

Sympathomimetics:

(3)

Back 8

1. Phenylephrine

2. Dobutamine

3. Ritodrine

Front 9

Anticholinergics (inhibit ACH):

(4)

Back 9

1. Scopolamine

2. Oxybutynin

3. Benztropine

4. Atropine


all have same symps as atropine if OD

Front 10

Cyclophosphamide interferes with:

Back 10

DNA replication

Front 11

5 symps of B-blocker TOXICITY:

(they all make sense)

Back 11

1. hypotension
(blocking renin)

2. bradycardia

3. hyperK+
(blocking B1 renin release)

4. hyperglycemia
(blocking B2 insulin release)

5. bronchoconstriction
(blocking B2)

Front 12

mechanism of glucagon as antidote for B-blocker toxicity:

(2)

Back 12

1. inc. in blood sugar will stimulate the SNS

2. Further, glucagon mediated increased levels of blood glucose will stimulate secretion of insulin, which treats the hyperK+ by driving the K+ back (intracellularly)

Front 13

adjuvant to Atropine =

Back 13

Pralidoxime

Front 14

uncontrollable bladder spasms result in

Back 14

leakage of urine, ESP. when hearing the sound of running water or during times of emotional lability

Front 15

What does oxybutynin do, specifically at the bladder?

Back 15

relieves bladder spasms

=> treats incontinence

Front 16

4 determinants of drug Distrbution in a body:

Back 16

1. Solubility in different solutions (lipid or aqueous) and therefore body compartments (adipose or non-adipose tissue)dysphagia, drooling, metabolic alkalosis

2. Concentration gradient

3. Ability to bind to different constituents in tissues (ex. lipids, proteins)

4. SA and vascularity of affected area
(more blood flow, more drug delivery; more surface area, more drug entry into the circulation)

Front 17

3 α2 agonists:

Back 17

1. Clonidine

2. Methyldopa

3. Guanfacine

Front 18

4 SE's of Quinidine toxicity:

Back 18

1. torsades des pointes

2. thrombocytopenia

3. tinnitus

4. cinchonism

Front 19

symps of iron toxicity:

(4)

Back 19

1. confusion

2. bloody diarrhea (acute GI bleed)

3. met. acidosis (chronic)

4. hemachromatosis (chronic)

Front 20

hemorrhagic cystitis =>

Back 20

dysuria, hematuria

Front 21

TMP-SMX is used for:

(6)

Back 21

1. UTI’s

2. some MRSA inf's,

3. Listeria

4. Shigella

5. Salmonella

6. PCP

Front 22

2 SE's of azoles:

Back 22

1. GI distress (n/v/d)

2. hepatotoxicity
(mild to severe)

Front 23

MTX mechanism:

Back 23

competitive inhibitor of DHFR

Front 24

4 symps of copper/gold/mercury toxicity:

Back 24

1. anemia

2. liver failure

3. skin discoloration

4. peripheral neuropathy

Front 25

Drugs bound to plasma proteins are NOT available for:

(4)

Back 25

1. Further distribution into tissues

2. Active pharmacological action

3. Glomerular filtration

4. Metabolism

Front 26

what makes S. aureus R to methicillin?

Back 26

changes to PBP

Front 27

a1 blockers:

(end in _________)

Back 27

"-zosins"

Front 28

which drug has a SE of dysglycemia (both hyper- and hypoglycemia)?

Back 28

Gatifloxacin

Front 29

3 SE’s of Ribavirin

Back 29

1. Teratogenic

2. Hepatotoxicity in hep C patients

3. pancytopenia

Front 30

Great antib’ for MSSA =

Back 30

Nafcillin

- strongest binding to PBP3

Front 31

2 polyenes

Back 31

Nystatin,

Amphotericin B

Front 32

3 symps of aspirin toxicity:

Back 32

1. inc. AG met. acidosis

2. respiratory alkalosis

3. tinnitus

Front 33

extra

Back 33

extra

Front 34

toxicity of nucleoside analogues:

(2)

Back 34

1. LA

2. hepatomegaly w/ steatosis

Front 35

SE's of Amphotericin B, nicknamed "amphoterrible":

(2 categories)

Back 35

1. infusion rxn of fevers, chills, hypotension, tachypnea, dyspnea.

2. nephrotoxic
=> anemia due to decreased EPO synth, serum electrolyte abnormalities

Front 36

3 main uses of Valganciclovir

Back 36

1. imm-comp pts with CMV retinitis,

2. " " pneumonitis

3. prophylaxis of CMV inf
(e.g. solid organ transplant patients)

Front 37

α2 blocker:

Back 37

Mirtazapine

Front 38

5 SE's of ganciclovir:

Back 38

1. anemia

2. neutropenia in AIDS patients

3. thrombocytopenia

4. diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting

5. fever

Front 39

mechanism of amphetamines:

Back 39

Inc. release of both DOPA and NE

- and to a lesser extent prevent reuptake

Front 40

Amphetamine OD =>

Back 40

CV symps

- arrhythmias, HTN, angina, palpitations, HA, chills, hyperhidrosis

Front 41

antidote for amphetamine OD:

Back 41

chlorpromazine or haloperidol — α-blocking properties which relieve both CNS and CV SE's

check

Front 42

mechanism of cocaine:

Back 42

inhibits DOPA and NOR reuptake

Front 43

clinical application of cocaine:

Back 43

local vasoconstriction and local anesthesia effects

Front 44

uses of Metronidazole

PAGE GT to the Metro:

Back 44

h. Pylori
Anaerobes (bacteroides, clostridia)
Giardia
Entamoeba histolytica

Gardnerella vaginalis
Trichomonas vaginalis

Front 45

classic indications for tetracyclines:

(8)

Back 45

1. Chlamydia

2. Mycoplasma pneumoniae

3. Spirochetes (Borrelia, Leptospira, T. pallidum)

4. Rickettsial inf's

5. Brucella

6. Nocardia

7. severe acne

8. prophylaxis against anthrax

Front 46

5 SE's of Rifampin:

Back 46

1. Dizziness

2. Visual Disturbances

3. n/v/d

4. Liver dysfunction

5. Red/orange discoloration of body urine

Front 47

drugs that cause gynecomastia:

Back 47

Spironolactone
(aldo antagonist)

Digitalis

Cimetidine
(antiH for PUD)

Alcohol

Ketoconazole

Front 48

activated H1 r’ on mast cells =>

(3)

Back 48

1. mast cell degranulation

2. nasopharyngeal/bronchial mucus production

3. bronchospasm

Front 49

4 features of Gray Baby syndrome:

Back 49

1. blue/gray skin

2. vomiting

3. shock.

4. aplastic anemia
(rare, fatal—dose-independent)

Front 50

symps of cyanide toxicity:

(3)

Back 50

1. almond breath

2. trismus
(lockjaw)

3. apnea, sez's, coma, cardiac arrest

Front 51

SE's of pyrazinamide:

(3)

Back 51

1. hyperuricemia (=> gout)

2. hepatotoxicity

3. acute intermittent porphyria

Front 52

SE's of Foscarnet:

Back 52

nephrotoxic and electrolyte abnormalities (hypoCa2+, hypoMg2+, hypoK+)

Front 53

Caspofungin is used to treat RACE:

Back 53

Refractory invasive aspergillosis

Azole-R Candida strains

Candidemia

Empiric treatment in a febrile neutropenic pt

Front 54

5 symps of methemoglobin toxicity:

Back 54

1. cyanosis

2. fatigue

3. confusion

4. coma

5. chocolate blood

Front 55

methylphenidate =

Back 55

synthetic amphetamine

Front 56

3 features of hemachromatosis:

Back 56

1. RCM

2. arthralgia

3. bronze coloring of the skin

(all due to iron deposits)

Front 57

3 symps of alkali poisoning:

Back 57

1. dysphagia

2. drooling

3. metabolic ALKalosis

Front 58

Gray Baby syndrome is caused by chloramphenicol; mech =

Back 58

*esp. premature babies* can’t adequately metabolize chloramphenicol due to inadequate *UDP-glucuronyl transferase activity*

Front 59

6 Aminoglycosides:

Back 59

1. Amikacin

2. Capreomycin

3. Gentamicin

4. Paromomycin

5. Streptomycin

6. Tobramycin

Front 60

alpha blockers relax SM in the prostate and bladder neck

=> a-blockers treat urinary retention, esp. in BPH

Back 60

However, alpha blockers also prevent the vasoconstrictive actions of the baroreceptor reflex. This commonly produces dizziness and syncopal episodes

(i.e. symps related to orthostatic hypotension)

Front 61

3 drugs that cause DILE:

Back 61

Hydralazine

INH

Procainamide

Front 62

Streptogramins can treat:

(3)

Back 62

- MRSA
- VRSA
- VRE (vancomycin-R Enterococcus)

Front 63

1st-gen cover:

(2)

2 1st gen:

Back 63

1. GP cocci

2.PEcK
(Proteus mirablis, E. coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae)

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

Front 64

2nd-gen cephalosporins cover:

(2)

3 2nd -gen:

Back 64

1. e/t 1st-gen gets

2. + HENS
(H. flu, Enterobacter aerogenes, Neisseria spp., and Serratia marcescens)

Cefuroxime, Cefoxitin, Cefactor

Front 65

3rd-gen cephalosporins cover:

(3)

Back 65

1. serious GN infs R to other B-lactams

2. Neisseria (Ceftriaxone)

3. Pseudomonas (Ceftazidime)

Front 66

4th-gen Cefepime covers:

(3)

Back 66

1. e/t 3rd-gen covers

2. + more against GP's

3. +Pseudomonas

Front 67

5th-gen Ceftaroline covers:

(5)

Back 67

basically e/t EXCEPT FOR Pseudomonas


1. enteric GN rods (more effective than 4th-gen)

2. penicillin-R pneumococci

3. oxacillin-R staphylococci,

4. MRSA

5. VISA

Front 68

reason mydriasis causes "blind as a bat":

Back 68

dilated pupils means so much light entering that you can't see anything

=> intolerance to light, blurred vision

Front 69

3 paired penicillins/B-lactamase inhibitors:

Back 69

ampicillin + sulbactam

piper + tazobactam

amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

Front 70

FQ's can cause not only tendonitis, but also:

(2)

Back 70

tendon rupture and cartilage damage:

Front 71

macrolides are used against:

(3)

Back 71

1. atypical penumonias
(Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella)

2. Chlamydia STD (Z-pak)

3. GP cocci
(strep, staph)

Front 72

most important use of macrolides:

Back 72

against atypical pneumonias (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, Legionella)

Front 73

3 uses of Micafungin:

Back 73

1. candidemia

2. esophageal candidiasis

3. prophylaxis for HSCT

Front 74

Bethanechol treats:

(2)

Back 74

1. post-op/neurogenic ileus
(painful obs. of ileum)

2. post-op/neurogenic bladder atony
(urine retention b/c muscles can't contract to push urine out)

Front 75

which class of antib's requires energy for uptake and are thus useless against anaerobes?

Back 75

Aminoglycosides

Front 76

Anidulafungin is used against:

(2)

Back 76

1. esophageal candidiasis

2. systemic Candida inf's
(candidemia, intra-abdominal abscess, and peritonitis)

Front 77

23S RNA ~~

Back 77

50S ribosome

=> CMLLS antib's

Front 78

toxicity of INH can be remembered with “INH":

Back 78

Injures Neurons (=> peripheral neuropathy and sez's)

and Hepatocytes

Front 79

4 features of carbapenem class activity:

Back 79

1. very broad activity against GP's and GN's

2. esp. useful against R Pseudomonas

3. drug of choice for Enterobacter...

4. ...but NO activity against MRSA or E. faecium

Front 80

ALL a1 blockers have the SE of:

Back 80

orthostatic hypotension

Front 81

Lincosamides are used against:

(clindamycin, lincomycin)

(3)

Back 81

1. Anaerobes
(e.g, B. fragilis, C. perfringens)

2. GP's, esp. in penicillin-allergic pts

3. some protozoa
(e.g. malaria)

Front 82

FQ's are used against:

(3)

Back 82

1. GN rods of urinary and GI tracts

2. Neisseria,

3. some GP's

Front 83

Pilocarpine:

(2)

Back 83

1. nonselective Muscarinic agonist

2. treats xerostomia
(dry mouth)

Front 84

3 SE's of MTX:

Back 84

1. kidney toxicity

2. rash

3. conjunctivitis

Front 85

3 SE's of 5-FU:

Back 85

1. hand-foot syndrome

2. nail changes

3. fever

Front 86

Bleomycin SE =

Back 86

pulmonary fibrosis

Front 87

Amphotericin B (a polyene) is used against:

(2)

Back 87

1. systemic mycosis

2. fungal meningitis

Front 88

what kind of drug is Echothiophate?

Back 88

irreversible cholinesterase inhibitor

- Methacholine, Carbachol, Bethanechol, and Pilocarpine are all DIRECT cholinergic AGONISTS

Front 89

3 drugs that can cause diabetes insipidus:

Back 89

1. Li2+

2. Demeclocycline

3. Drugs that can cause hypercalcemia (e.g. thiazides)

Front 90

5 drugs that can cause cholinergic syndrome:

Back 90

1. ACHE inhibitors
(Neostigmine, Physostigmine)

2. Organophosphates
(Sarin, Soman)

3. Pilocarpine

4. Carbachol

5. Bethanechol

Front 91

Benztropine =

Back 91

central anticholinergic (with anti-H properties) that's used to treat:


1. Parkinson’s symptoms

2. dystonia

3. akathisia
(state of restlessness)

Front 92

which ACHE inhibitor can cause agitation, psychosis and confusion, and why?

Back 92

Physostigmine,

b/c it's the only one to cross the BBB

Front 93

why is Amantadine rarely prescribed?

Back 93

92-100% of strains are R to it via M2 mutation

Front 94

Monobactams are used against:

Back 94

GN's,

*esp* Pseudomonas

Front 95

main SE of TMP:

Back 95

BM suppression,

esp. in pts w/ folic acid deficiency

Front 96

activation of M3:

(5)

Back 96

1. increases peristalsis

2. increases bladder contraction

3. increases exocrine gland secretions

4. bronchoconstriction

5. contracts the sphincter pupillae
(=> miosis)

Front 97

2 drugs associated with tardive dyskinesia:

Back 97

1. antipsychotics

2. Metoclopramide

Front 98

abbr. for tenofovir =

Back 98

TDF

Front 99

antibiotics that block peptidoglycan in some capacity:

Back 99

Penicillins
Carbapenems
Monobactams
Cephalosporins
(prevent cross-linking)

Vancomycin
Bacitracin
(prevent synth.)

(for Mycobact. wall:)
INH (prevent mycolic acid synth)
Ethambutol (some other part)
Pyrazinamide (inhibits growth enzymes)

Front 100

2 antib's that block peptidoglycan **synth** specifically:

Back 100

1. Vancomycin

2. Bacitracin

Front 101

which 2 antib's disrupt cell **membranes**?

Back 101

1. Daptomycin

2. Polymyxins

Front 102

P450 syst. Inducers –

BCC GMN PR SS

Back 102

Barbiturates
Carbamazepine
Chronic alcohol use

Griseofulvin
Modafinil
Nevirapine

Phenytoin
Rifampin

Smoking (aromatic hydrocarbons)
St. John’s wort

Front 103

P450 syst. Inhibitors –

AA CC GG IKM QRS

Back 103

Acute alcohol intoxication
Amiodarone

Cimetidine
Ciprofloxacin

Gemfibrozil
Grapefruit juice

Isoniazid
Ketoconazole
Macrolides (NOT Z-pak)

Quinidine
Ritonavir
Sulfonamides

Front 104

Dimercaprol antidote ~~

Back 104

“LAGM”

lead, arsenic, gold, mercury

Front 105

Cefazolin (1st-gen) is used prior to:

Back 105

surgery,

to prevent S. aureus wound infections

Front 106

Cefazolin (1st-gen) is used prior to:

Back 106

surgery,

to prevent S. aureus wound infections

Front 107

8 3rd-gen cephalosporins:

Back 107

- Cefdinir
- Cefixime
- Cefoperazone
- Cefotaxime
- Ceftazidime
- Ceftibuten
- Ceftizoxime
- Ceftriaxone

Front 108

3 uses of Imidazoles, e.g. ketoconazole:

Back 108

1. endemic mycoses

2. dermaphytes

3. Candida