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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What percentage of patients with ovarian cancer are diagnosed as stage III or IV?
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70%
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Name the six subtypes of epithelial ovarian cancers and give their incidence.
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1. serous: 50%
2. mucinous: 25% 3. endometrioid: 10% 4. clear cell: 6% 5. Brenner: 4% 6. undifferentiated: remaining 5% |
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Why is ovarian cancer typically diagnosed at a late stage?
What is the usual method of spread? |
it is difficult to detect before dissemination
spreads by exfoliation into the peritoneal fluid |
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What are the signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer?
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pelvic mass/pain
abdominal mass ("omental caking") pleural effusion ascites ventral hernia (increased intra-ab pressure) early satiety nausea/vomiting change in bowel habits widening of abdominal girth |
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What are risk factors for ovarian cancer?
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early menarche/late menopause
nulliparity late childbearing advanced age (50-70) personal/family history of breast cancer caucasian race |
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What is the clinical utility of CA-125?
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elevated in 80% of ovarian ca cases useful for tracking disease progression, NOT as a screening tool
may be elevated in MANY premenopausal conditions |
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Name five factors protective against the development of ovarian cancer.,
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breastfeeding
oral contraceptives multiparity tubal ligation hysterectomy |
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What percent of ovarian cancer cases are associated with the so-called Hereditary Ovarian Cancer (HOC) syndromes?
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10% to 15%
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Name the three Hereditary Ovarian Cancer (HOC) syndromes.
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breast-ovarian cancer syndrome
Lynch II syndrome--HNPCC site-specific ovarian cancer |
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What are screening tools for women at high-risk for ovarian cancer (2+ affected first-degree relatives)?
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annual CA-125 (poor)
annual transvaginal ultrasound annual pelvic exam consider BRCA screening +/- prophylactic oophorectomy if positive |
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By what process is ovarian cancer staged?
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surgically:
peritoneal washings total hysterectomy bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy omentectomy pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy |
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Name four poor prognostic indicators for ovarian cancer.
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short disease-free interval
mucinous or clear cell tumor multiple disease sites high/rising CA-125 |
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Name the two subtypes of nonepithelial ovarian cancer and give their incidence relative to all ovarian cancers.
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germ cell tumors: 8%
sex-cord stromal tumors: 1% |
