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33 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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associated area/deficit
anterior spinal artery (medial medullary syndrome) |
contralateral hemiparesis (lower extremities)
medial lemniscus (decreased contralateral proprioception) ipsilateral paralysis of hypoglossal nerve |
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PICA (lateral medullary syndome, aka Wallenberg's)
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contralateral loss of pain and temperature
ipsilateral dysphagia horseness decreased gag reflex vertigo diplopia nystagmus vomiting ipsilateral Horner's ipsilateral facial pain and temperature trigeminal nucleus (spinal tract and nucleus) ipsilateral ataxia |
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AICA (lateral inferior pontine syndrome)
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ipsilateral facial paralysis
ipsilateral cochlear nucleus vestibular (nystagmus) ipsilateral facial pain and temperature ipsilateral dystaxia (MCP, ICP) |
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posterior cerebral artery
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contralateral homonymous hemianopia with macular sparing
supplies occipital cortex |
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middle cerebral artery
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contralateral face and arm paralysis and sensory loss
aphasia (dominant sphere) left sided neglect |
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anterior cerebral artery
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supplies medial surface of hte brain
leg-foot area of motor and sensory cortices urinary incontinence with bilateral damage |
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anterior communicating artery
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MC site of circle of Willis aneurysm
lesion may cause visual field deficits |
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posterior communicating artery
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common area of aneurysm
causes CN III pallsy |
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lateral striate
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divisions of middle cerebral artery
supply internal capsule, caudate, putamen, globus pallidus "Arteries of stroke" infarct of the posterior limb of the internal capsule causes pure motor hemiparesis |
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watershed zones
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between anterior cerebral/middle cerebral & posterior cerebral/middle cerebral arteries.
damage in severe hypotension : upper leg/arm weakness, defects in higher-order visual processing. |
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basilar artery
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infarct causes "locked-in syndrome"
CN III is typically intact |
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stroke of anterior circle
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general sensory and motor dysfunction
aphasia |
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stroke of psoterior circle
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cranial nerve deficits (vertigo, visual deficits)
coma cerebellar deficits (ataxia) dominant hemisphere (ataxia) nondominant (neglect) |
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brain lesion consequences
amygdala (bilateral) |
kluver-bucy syndrome (hyperorality, hypersexuality, disinhibited behavior)
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brain lesion consequences
frontal lobe |
disinhibition and deficits in concentration, orientation and judgement
may have reemergence of primitive reflexes |
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brain lesion consequences
right parietal lobe |
spatial neglect syndrome (agnosia of the contralateral side of the world)
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brain lesion consequences
reticular activating system (midbrain) |
reduced levels of arousal and wakefulness (eg. coma)
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brain lesion consequences
mamillary bodies |
wernicke-korsakoff syndrome
wenicke - confusion, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia korsakoff - memory loss, confabulation, personality changes |
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brain lesion consequences
basal ganglia |
may result in tremor at rest, chorea, or athetosis
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brain lesion consequences
cerebellar hemisphere |
intention tremor
limb ataxia damage to teh cerebellum results in ipsilateral deficits fall toward side of lesion (cerebellum -> SCP -> contralateral cortex -> corticospinal decussation = ipsilateral) |
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brain lesion consequences
cerebellar vermis |
truncal ataxia
dysarthria |
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brain lesion consequences
subthalamic nucleus |
contralateral hemiballismus
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brain lesion consequences
hippocampus |
anterograde amnesia - inability to make new memories
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brain lesion consequences
paramedian pontine reticular formatoin (PPRF) |
eyes look away from side of lesion
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brain lesion consequences
frontal eye fields |
eyes look toward lesion
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NT changes and locations
NE |
locus ceruleus
increased in anxiety decreased in depression |
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NT changes and locations
dopamine |
ventral tegmentum, substantia nigra pars compacta
increased in schizophrenia decreased in parkinson's |
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NT changes and locations
serotonin |
raphe nucleus
decreased in anxiety and depression |
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NT changes and locations
Ach |
basal nucleus of Meynert
decreased in Alzheimer's, Huntington's, REM sleep |
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NT changes and locations
GABA |
nucleus accumbens
decreased in anxiety and Huntington's |
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ring enhancing lesion
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metastases
abscesses toxoplasmosis AIDS lymphoma |
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uniformly enhancing lesion
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lymphoma
meningioma metastases (usually ring enhancing) |
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heterogenously enhancin glesion
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glioblastoma multiforme
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