Fa- Microbiology

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unique to gram- postive

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teichoic acid, cell wall

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unique to gram- negative

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endotoxin/ LPS (outer membrane)
periplasmic space (location of beta-lactamases)

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teichoic acid induces

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TNF and IL-1

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Lipid A induces

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TNF and IL-1
-polysaccharide if the antigen

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capsule normally made of polysaccharide except what

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Bacillus anthracis- contains D- glutamate

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axillary is primary lymph node drainage site

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upper limb
lateral breast

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celiac is primary lymph node drainage site

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stomach

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superior mesenteric is primary lymph node drainage site for

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duodenum
jejunum

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colic-- inferior mesenteric is primary lymph node drainage site for

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sigmoid colon

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internal iliac primary lymph node drainage site for

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rectum (lower part)
anal canal above pectinate line

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superficial inguinal primary lymph node drainage site

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anal canal below pectinate line

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superficial and deep plexuses-- para-aortic primary drainage site for

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testes

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superficial inguinal primary drainage site for

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scrotum
thigh (superficial)

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popliteal primary drainage site for what

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lateral side of dorsum of foot

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right lymphatic duct drains

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right arm and right half of head

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mycoplasma cell membranes/ walls

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contain sterols and have no cell wall

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mycobacteria cell membranes/ walls

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contain mycolic acid
-high lipid content

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circular (coccus)
1. gram-positive
2. gram-neg

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1. staph, strep
2. neisseria

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branching filamentous
1. gram-pos
2. gram-neg

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1. actinomyces, nocardia
2. none

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pleomorphic
1. gram-pos.
2. gram-neg

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1. none
2. rickettsiae, chlamydiae

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spiral
1. gram-pos.
2. gram-neg

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1. none
2. spirochetes (leptospira, borrelia, treponema)

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no cell wall

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mycoplasma

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bugs that do not gram stain well

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These Rascals May Microscopically Lack Color
Treponema (too thin, dark field microscopy and fluorescent antibody staining)
Rickettsia (intracellular parasite)
Mycobacteria (acid fast, high lipid content cell wall)
Mycoplama (no cell wall)
Legionella pneumophila (silver stain, primarily intracellular)
Chlamydia (intracellular parasite, lacks muramic acid in cell wall)

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H. influenza media

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chocolate agar with factors V (NAD) and X (hematin)

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N. gonorrhea media

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Thayer-Martin media

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B. pertussis media

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Bordet-Gengou (potato) agar

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C. diptheriae media

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Tellurite plate
Loffler's media

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M. tuberculosis media

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Lowenstein-Jensen agar

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M. pneumoniae media

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Eaton's agar

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E. coli media

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Eosin-methylene blue (EMB) agar- (blue black colonies with metallic sheen)

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Lactose-fermenting enterics media

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pink colonies on Mac Conkey's agar

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Legionella madia

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charcoal yeast extract agar buffered with increase iron and cysteine

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Fungi media

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Sabouraud's agar

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Giemsa stain used for

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Borrelia
Plasmodium
trypanosomes
Chlamydia

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PAS stain

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stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides
-used to diagnose Whipple's disease

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Ziehl-Neelsen stain

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Acid-fast stain

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India ink stain

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cryptococcus neoformans

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silver stain

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fungi
legionella

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obligate aerobes use what

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O2 dependent system to generate ATP

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examples of obligate aerobes

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Nagging Pests Must Breathe
Nocardia
Pseudomonas aeroginosa
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Bacillus

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M. tuberculosis has predilection for what

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apices of the lung, which have highest PO2

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P. Aeruginosa is what?
seen in what?

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AERobe
-burn wounds, nosocomial pneumonia, and pneumonias in cystic fibrosis patients

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obligate anaerobes
1. examples
2. special characteristics

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1. clostridium, bacteroides, and actinomyces
2. lack catalase and superoxide dismutase, susceptible to oxidative damage, Can't breath air
-normal flora in GI tract, pathogenic elsewhere

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what is ineffective against obligate anaerobes

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aminogylosides b/c these antibiotics require O2 to enter into bacterial cell

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obligate intracellular

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Stay inside (cells) when it is Really Cold
Rickettsia, Chlamydia
can't make own ATP

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facultative intracellular

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Some Nasty Bugs May Live FacultativeLY
Salmonella
Neisseria
Brucella
Mycobacterium
Listeria
Francisella
Legionella
Yersinia

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urease positive bugs

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Particular Kinds Have Urease
Proteus
Klebsiella
H. pylori
Ureaplasma

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Staph aureus pigment

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yellow pigment

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Pseudomonas aeruginosa pigment

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blue-green pigment

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Serratia marcescens pigment

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red pigment

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S. aureus virulence factor

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protein A
-binds Fc region of Ig
-disrupts oponization and phagocytosis

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IgA protease virulence factor

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enzyme that cleaves IgA
-polysaccharide capsules also inhibit phagocytosis
-secreted by S. pneumoniae, H. influenza, and Neisseria

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Group A streptococcal

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M protein
-helps prevent phagocytosis

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encapsulated bacteria
1. positive quelling reaction
2. examples
3. polysaccharide capsule
4. what serves as antigen
5. conjugation with protein=

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1. if encapsulated bug is present, capsule SWELLS when specific anticapsular antosera are added
2. Some Nasties Have Kapsules
Streptococcus pneum.
Neisseria mening.
Haemophilus inf.
Klebsiella pneum.
3. antiphagocytic virulence factor
4. capsule
5. increase immunogenecity and T-cell dependent response