Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
17 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Heparin
|
MOA: cofactor for the activation of antithrombin, decr. thrombin & Xa; short t1/2
Uses: immediate anticoagulation for pulmonary embolism, stroke, acute coronary syndrome, MI, DVT; used during pregnancy (doesn't cross placenta); follow PTT Toxicity: bleeding, thrombocytopenia (HIT), osteoporosis, drug-drug interactions; antidote-protamine sulfate |
|
|
Lepirudin, bivalirudin (hirudin derivatives)
|
MOA: directly inhibits thrombin
Uses: alternative to heparin for anticoagulating patients w/ HIT |
|
|
Warfarin/Coumadin
|
MOA: interferes w/ normal syn and gamma-carboxylation of vit K-dependent clotting factors II, VIII, IX, & X, and proteins C & S; metabolized by CYT-P450; long t1/2; follow PT
Uses: chronic anticoagulation; not used in pregnant woman (crosses placenta); follow PT/INR values Toxicity: bleeding, teratogenic, skin/tissue necrosis, drug-drug interactions |
|
|
Thrombolytics
|
Examples: streptokinase, urokinase, tPA, APSAC
MOA: directly or indirectly aid conversion of plaminogen to plasmin, which cleaves thrombin & fibrin clots; incr PT & PTT, no change in platelets Uses: early MI, early ischemic stroke Toxicity: bleeding; C/I in pats w/ active bleeding, hx of intracranial bleeding, recent sx, known bleeding diatheses, or severe HTN; antidote-aminocaproic acid |
|
|
Aspirin (ASA)
|
MOA: acetylates & irreversibly inhibits COX-1 & COX-2 to prevent conversion of arachidonic acid to TxA2; incr bleeding time, no effect on PT, PTT
Uses: antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiplatelet drug Toxicity: gastric ulceration, bleeding, hyperventilation, Reye's syndrome, tinnitus |
|
|
Clopidogrel, ticlopidine
|
MOA: inhibit platelet aggregation by irreversibly blocking ADP receptors; inhibit fibrinogen binding by preventing GPIIb:IIIa expression
Uses: acute coronary syndrome, coronary stenting; decr incidence or recurrence of thrombotic stroke Toxicity: neutropenia (ticlopidine) |
|
|
Abciximab
|
MOA: monoclonal Ab that binds to GPIIb:IIIa on activated platelets, preventing aggregation
Uses: acute coronary syndromes, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty Toxicity: bleeding, thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Cancer drugs - cell cycle
inhibits M-phase |
vinca alkaloids & toxols
|
|
|
Cancer drugs - cell cycle
inhibits S-phase |
antimetabolites & etoposide
|
|
|
Cancer drugs - cell cycle
inhibits G2-phase |
etoposide & bleomycin
|
|
|
Cisplatin, carboplatin
|
MOA: cross-link DNA
Uses: testicular, bladder, ovary, & lung carcinomas Toxicity: nephrotoxicity & acoustic nerve damage |
|
|
Hydroxyurea
|
MOA: inhibits ribonucleotide reductase -> decr DNA syn
Uses: melanoma, CML, sickle cell disease Toxicity: bone marrow suppression, GI upset |
|
|
Prednisone
|
MOA: may trigger apoptosis; may even work on nondividing cells
Uses: most commonly used glucocorticoid in cancer chemo; uses in CLL, Hodgkin's; also an immunosuppressant in autoimmune diseases Toxicity: Cushing-like symptoms; immunosuppression, cataracts, acne, osteoporosis, HTN, peptic ulcers, hyperglycemia, psychosis |
|
|
Tamoxifen, raloxifene
|
MOA: SERMs--receptor antagonists in breast and agonists in bone; block the binding of estrogen to estrogen receptor-positive cells
Uses: breast cancer; also useful to prevent osteoporosis Toxicity: tamoxifen - may incr risk of endometrial carcinoma via partial agonist effects ("hot flashes"); raloxifene - no incr in endometrial carcinoma b/c it is an endometrial antagonist |
|
|
Trastuzumab (Herceptin)
|
MOA: monoclonal Ab against HER-2 (erb-B2); helps kill breast cancer cells that overexpress HER-2, possibly through antibody-dependent cytotoxicity
Uses: metastatic breast cancer Toxcity: cardiotoxicity |
|
|
Imatinib (Gleevec)
|
MOA: philadelphia chromosome bcr-abl tyrosine kinase inhibitor
Uses: CML, GI stromal tumors Toxicity: fluid retention |
|
|
Rituximab
|
MOA: monoclonal Ab against CD20, found on most B-cell neoplasms
Uses: non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, rheumatoid arthritis |
