Fa: Gi Pharm Drug Mechanism And Treatments

Front 1

H2 Blcokers
Mechanism

Back 1

Reversible block of histamine H2-receptors -> decrease H+ secretion by parietal cells

Front 2

H2 Blcokers
Clinical use

Back 2

Peptic ulcers
gastritis
mild esophageal reflux

Front 3

H2 Blcokers
Toxicity

Back 3

Cimetidine: Potent inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 (multiple drug interactions)
- Antiandrogenic effects: Prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decrease libido in males
- Crosses blood-brain barrier: Confusion, dizziness, HA
- Corsses placenta
Cimetidine and Ranitidine decrease renal excretion of creatinine
Other H2 blockers relatively free of these effects

Front 4

Proton pump inhibitor
Mechanism

Back 4

Irreversibly inhibit H+/K+ ATPase in stomach parietal cells

Front 5

Proton pump inhibitor
Clinical use

Back 5

Peptic ulcer
Gastritis
Esophageal reflux
Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

Front 6

Proton pump inhibitor
Toxicity

Back 6

Increased risk of C. Difficile infection
Pneumonia
Hip fractures
Decrease serum Mg2+ with long-term use

Front 7

Bismuth, sucralfate
Mechanism

Back 7

Bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3- secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer

Front 8

Bismuth, sucralfate
Clinical use

Back 8

Increase ulcer healing
Traveler's diarrhea

Front 9

Misoprotol
Mechanism

Back 9

A PGE1 analog
Increase production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier
Decrease acid production

Front 10

Misoprotol
Clinical use

Back 10

Prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers (NSAIDs block PGE1 production)
Maintenance of a PDA
Also use to induce labor

Front 11

Misoprotol
Toxicity

Back 11

Diarrhea
Contraindicated in women of childbearing potential (abortifacient) (Increase uterine tone)

Front 12

Octreotide
Mechanism

Back 12

Long-acting somatostatin analog

Front 13

Octreotide
Clinical use

Back 13

Acute variceal bleeds
Acromegaly
VIPoma
Carcinoid tumor

Front 14

Octreotide
Toxicity

Back 14

Nausea
Cramps
Steatorrhea

Front 15

Antacid use
General Side effects

Back 15

HypOkalemia
Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying

Front 16

Aluminum Hydroxid
Side Effects

Back 16

HypOphosphatemia
Constipation
Proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, and seizures

Front 17

Calcium carbonate (tums)
Side Effects

Back 17

HypERcalcemia
Rebound acid (bc increase Ca2+ stimulate G cells)
Can chelate and decrease effectiveness of other drugs

Front 18

Magnesium hydroxide
Side Effects

Back 18

Diarrhea
Hyporeflexia
Hypotension
Cardiac arrest

Front 19

Osmotic Laxatives
Mechanism

Back 19

Provide osmotic load to draw water out
Lactulose also trats hepatic encephalopathy since gut flora degrade it into metabolites (lactic acid and acetic acid) that promote nitrogen excretion as NH4+

Front 20

Osmotic Laxatives
Clinical use

Back 20

Constipation

Front 21

Osmotic Laxatives
Toxicity

Back 21

Diarrhea
Dehydration
May be abuse by bulimics

Front 22

Infliximab
Mechanism

Back 22

Monoclonal antibody to TNF-alpha

Front 23

Infliximab
Clinical use

Back 23

Crohn disease
Ulcerative colitis
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Psoriasis

Front 24

Infliximab
Toxicity

Back 24

Infection (including reactivation of latent TB)
Fever
Hypotension

Front 25

Sulfasalazine
Mechanism

Back 25

Combination of sulfapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalicylic acid (anti-inflammatory)

Front 26

Sulfasalazine
Clinical Use

Back 26

Ulcerative Colitis
Crohn disease

Front 27

Sulfasalazine
Toxicity

Back 27

Malaise
Nausea
Sulfonamide toxicity
Reversible oligospermia

Front 28

Ondansetron
Mechanism

Back 28

5-HT3 antagonist
Decrease vagal stimulation
Powerful central-acting antiemetic

Front 29

Ondansetron
Clinical use

Back 29

Control vomiting postoperatively and in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy

Front 30

Ondansetron
Toxicity

Back 30

HA (Due to vasodilation)
Constipation

Front 31

Metoclopramide
Mechanism

Back 31

D2 receptor antagonist
Increase resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility.
Does not influence colon transport time

Front 32

Metoclopramide
Clinical use

Back 32

Diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis, antiemetic

Front 33

Metoclopramide
Toxicity

Back 33

Increase parkinsonian effects
Restlessness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea.
Drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents
Contraindicated in pts with small bowel obstruction or Parkinson disease (D1-receptor blockade)