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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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H2 Blockers
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Examples: cimetidiine, ranitidine, famotidine, nizatidine
MOA: reversible block of histamine H2 receptors -> decreased hydrogen secretion by parietal cells Uses: peptic ulcer, gastritis, mild esophageal reflux Toxicity: Cemetidine inhibits P-450, has antiandrogenic effects (prolactin release, gynecomastia, impotence, decreased libido in males), can cross BBB & placenta, and decreases renal excretion of creatinine. Ranitidine decreases renal excretion of creatinine. |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors
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Examples: omeprazole, lansoprazole
MOA: irreversible inhibit H+/K+-ATPase in stomach parietal cells Uses: peptic ulcer, gastritis, esophageal reflux, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome |
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Bismuth, Sucralfate
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MOA: bind to ulcer base, providing physical protection and allowing HCO3 secretion to reestablish pH gradient in the mucous layer
Uses: traveler's diarrhea, increase ulcer healing |
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Misoprostol
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MOA: A PGE1 analog. Increases production and secretion of gastric mucous barrier, decreased acid production.
Uses: prevention of NSAID-induced peptic ulcers; maintenance of a patent ductus arteriosus. Also used to induce labor Toxicity: diarrhea. C/I in women of childbearing potential |
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Muscarinic antagonists
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Examples: pirenzepine, propantheline
MOA: block M1 receptors on ECL cells (decreased histamine secretion) and M3 receptors on parietal cells (decreased H+ secretion) Uses: peptic ulcer (rarely used) Toxicity: tachycardia, dry mouth, difficulty focusing eyes |
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Octreotide
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MOA: somatostatin analog
Uses: acute variceal bleeds, acromegaly, VIPoma, & carcinoid tumors Toxcitiy: nausea, cramps, steatorrhea |
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Antacid use
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Examples: aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, calcium carbonate
-Can affect absorption, bioavailability, or urinary excretion of other drugs by altering gastric and urinary pH or by delaying gastric emptying -Overuse can also cause the following problems: 1) ALUMINUM HYDROXIDE: constipation & hypophosphatemia; proximal muscle weakness, osteodystrophy, seizures 2) MAGNESIUM HYDROXIDE: diarrhea, hyporeflexia, hypotension, cardiac arrest 3) CALCIUM CARBONATE: hypercalcemia, rebound acid increase -all can cause hypokalemia |
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Infliximab
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MOA: a monoclonal antibody to TNF, proinflammatory cytokine
Uses: Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis Toxicity: respiratory infection (including reactivation of latent TB), fever, hypotension |
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Sulfasalazine
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MOA: a combination of sufapyridine (antibacterial) and 5-aminosalcylic acid (anti-inflammatory); activated by colonic bacteria
Uses: ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease Toxicity: malaise, nausea, sulfonamide toxicity, reversible oligospermia |
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Ondansetron
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MOA: serotonin antagonist; powerful central-acting antiemetic
Uses: control vomiting postoperatively and in patients undergoing cancer chemotherapy Toxicity: headache, constipation |
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Metoclopramide
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MOA: D2 receptor antagonist; increases resting tone, contractility, LES tone, motility; does not influence colon transport time
Uses: diabetic and post-surgery gastroparesis Toxicity: increased parkinsonian effects; restlessness, drowsiness, fatigue, depression, nausea, diarrhea; drug interaction with digoxin and diabetic agents; C/I in patients with small bowel obstruction |
