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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Tx for DM1
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low-sugar diet, insulin replacement
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Tx for DM2
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dietary modification & exercise for weight loss, oral hypoglycemics, insulin replacement
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Different kinds of insulin (6)
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Rapid-acting - lispro, aspart
Intermediate-acting - regular, NPH Long-acting - glargine, detemir |
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Insulin
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MOA: bind insulin receptor; in liver, increase glucose stored as glycogen; in muscle, increase glycogen and protein synthesis & K uptake; in fat, aids TG storage
Uses: DM 1&2, gestational diabetes, life-threatening hyperkalemia, stress-induced hyperglycemia Toxicity: hypoglycemia, hypersensitivity rxn |
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Sulfonylureas
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Examples: tolbutamide, chlorpropamide, glyburide, glipizide
MOA: close K channel in beta-cell membrane, so cell depolarizes -> triggeres release of insulin via Ca influx Uses: DM 2; stimulates endogenous insulin release from functioning islet cells so useless in DM 1 Toxicities: disulfiram-like rxns (tolbutamide, chlorpropamide), hypoglycemia (glyburide, glipizide) |
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Metformin
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MOA: exact MOA unkown; decreases gluconeogenesis, increases glycolysis, increases peripheral glucose uptake
Uses: DM 1&2 Toxicity: lactic acidosis |
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Glitazones/thiazolidinediones
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Examples: pioglitazone, rosiglitazone
MOA: increase insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissue; binds to PPAR-gamma nuclear transcription regulator Uses: monotherapy in DM 2 or combined w/ other drugs for DM 1 Toxicity: weight gain, edema, hepatotoxicity, CV toxicity |
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alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
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Examples: acarbose, miglitol
MOA: inhibit intestinal brush-border alpha-glucosidases; delayed sugar hydrolysis and glucose absorption lead to decreased postprandial hyperglycemia Uses: monotherapy in DM 2 or combined w/ other drugs for DM 1 Toxicity: GI distrubances |
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Pramlintide
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MOA: decrease glucagon
Uses: DM 2 Toxicity: hypoglycemia, nausea, diarrhea |
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Exenatide
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MOA: increase insulin, decrease glucagon release
Uses: DM 2 Toxicity: N/V, pancreatitis |
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propylthiouracil, methimazole
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MOA: inhibit organification of iodide and coupling of thyroid hormone synthesis; propylthiouracil also decreases peripheral conversion of T4 to T3
Uses: hyperthyroidism Toxicity: skine rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia; methimazole is possible teratogen |
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Levothyroxine, triiodothyronine
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MOA: thyroxine replacement
Uses: hypothyroidism, myxedema Toxicity: tachycardia, heat intolerance, tremors, arrhythmias |
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Hypothalamic/pituitary drugs (4)
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GH - used in GH deficiency & Turner's syndrome
Somatostatin (octreotide) - used in acromegaly, carcinoid, gastrinoma, & glucagonoma Oxytocin - stimulates labor, uterine contractions, milk let-down; controls uterine hemorrhage ADH (vasopressin) - pituitary DI |
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Demeclocycline
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MOA: ADH antagonist (member of tetracycline family)
Uses: SIADH Toxicity: nephrogenic DI, photosensitivity, abnormalities of bone & teeth |
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Glucocorticoids
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Examples: hydrocortisone, prednisone, triamcinolone, dexamethasone, beclomethasone
MOA: decreases production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins by inhibiting phospholipase A2 and expression of COX-2 Uses: Addison's disease, inflammation, immune suppression, asthma Toxicity: Iatrogenic Cushing's syndrome, adrenal insufficiency when drug stopped after chronic use |
