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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Name 4 sulfonamides.
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Sulfamethoxazole (SMX)
Sulfisoxazole Triple sulfas Sulfadiazine |
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PABA antimetabolites that inhibit dihydropteroate synthase.
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Sulfonamides
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Indications for Sulfonamides in general
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G(+)
G(-) Nocardia Chlamydia |
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Toxs of Sulfonamides
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Hypersensitivity reactions
Hemolysis if G6pd def Tubulointerstitial nephritis Kernicterus in infants Displaces other drugs from albumin like warfarin |
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Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase.
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Trimethoprim
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Used in combo with sulfonamides to block folate syn
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Trimethoprim
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Indications for TMX-SMX
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Recurrent UTI, Shigella, Salmonella, PCP
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Toxs of Trimethoprim
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Treats Marrow Poorly:
Megaloblastic anemia Leukopenia Granulocytopenia |
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What can you add to alleviate someof the toxicities of trimethoprim?
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Folinic acid
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Name 2 fluoroquinolones that don't end in "-floxacin"
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Enoxacin
Nalidixic acid |
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Inhibits DNA gyrase. Bactericidal.
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fluoroquinolones
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Indicaitons for fluoroquinolones
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G(-) rods of urinary and GI tract (pseudomonas)
Neisseria Some G(+) |
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2 most serious Toxs of Fluoroquinolones
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contraindicted in pregnant women and children for damage to cartilage;
tendonitis and tendon rupture in adults |
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Forms toxic metabolies in the bacterial cell
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Metronidazole
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Indictions for Metronidazole
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GET: giardia, entamoeba, trichomonas
Bacteroides, Clostridium, H.Pylori (as part of triple therapy) |
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Tox of metronidazole
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disulfiram-like rxn with OH; H/A, metallic taste
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Bind to cell membranes of bacteria and disrupts osmotic properites.
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Polymyxins
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Indications for polymyxins
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Resistant G(-)
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Toxs of polymyxins
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neurotox, acute renal tubular necrosis
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name the 5 anti-TB drugs
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IRPES: isoniazid (INH), rifampin, pyrazinamide, ethambutol, streptomycin
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dec syn of mycolic acids
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INH
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only agent used solo for TB
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iNH
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blocks mrna syn
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rifampin
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4R's of rifampin
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RNA pol inhibitor
Revs up microsomal P-450 Red/orangle body fluids Rapid Resistance if used alone |
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resistance mech of penicillins/cephalosporins
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beta-lactamase cleavage of beta-lactam ring
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resistance mech of vancomycin
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d-ala ala to d-ala lac
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resistance mech of tetracyline
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dec uptake or inc transport out of cell
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resistance mech of sulfonamides
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altered enzyme (dihydropteroate synthetase); dec uptake, inc PABA syn
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prophylaxis used for meningococcus
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*rifampin
minocycline |
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prophylaxis used for gonorrhea
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ceftriaxone
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prophylaxis used for syphilis
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(benzathine) penicllin G
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prophylaxis used for history of recurrent UTI
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TMX-SMX
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prophylaxis used for PCP
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*TMX-SMX, pentamidine
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prophylaxis used for endocarditis due to surgical or dental procedures
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penicillins
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