Fa 2014 Rapid Review Key Associations

Front 1

Actinic (solar) keratosis

Back 1

Precursor to squamous cell carcinoma

Front 2

Acute gastric ulcer associated with CNS injury

Back 2

Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion)

Front 3

Acute gastric ulcer associated with severe burns

Back 3

Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in slouging of gastric mucosa)

Front 4

Alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon

Back 4

Skip lesions (Crohn's)

Front 5

Aneurysm, dissecting

Back 5

Hypertension

Front 6

Aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta

Back 6

Atherosclerosis

Front 7

Aortic aneurysm, arch

Back 7

3* syphilis (syhpilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction

Front 8

Aortic aneurysm, ascending

Back 8

Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration)

Front 9

Atrophy of the mammillary bodies

Back 9

Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, opthalmoplegia, and confusion)

Front 10

Autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage)

Back 10

Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobing S)

Front 11

Bacteria associated with gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, and stomach cancer

Back 11

H. pylori

Front 12

Bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly)

Back 12

Streptococcus pneumonia

Front 13

Bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids)

Back 13

Group B streptococcus/E.coli (newborns), S. pnuemoniae/N.meningitidis (kids)

Front 14

Benign melanocytic nevus

Back 14

Spitz nevus (most common in 1st two decades)

Front 15

Bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency

Back 15

Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in platelet adhesion to von Willebrand factor)

Front 16

Brain tumor (adults)

Back 16

Supratentorial: metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma

Front 17

Brain tumor (kids)

Back 17

Infratentorial: medulloblastoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) or supratentorial: craniopharyngioma

Front 18

Breast cancer

Back 18

Infiltrating ductal carcinoma

Front 19

Breast mass

Back 19

Fibrocystic change, carcinoma (in postmenopausal women)

Front 20

Breast tumor (benign)

Back 20

Fibroadenoma

Front 21

Cardiac 1* tumor (kids)

Back 21

Rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis

Front 22

Cardiac manifestation of lupus

Back 22

Libman-Sacks endocarditis (non-bacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve)

Front 23

Cardiac tumor (adults)

Back 23

Metastasis, 1* myxoma (4:1 left:right atrium "ball and valve")

Front 24

Cerebellar tonsillar herniation

Back 24

Chiari II malformation

Front 25

Chronic arrhythmia

Back 25

Atrial fibrillation (associated with high risk of emboli)

Front 26

Chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune)

Back 26

Predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia)

Front 27

Clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vagina

Back 27

DES exposure in utero

Front 28

Compression fracture

Back 28

Osteoporosis (type I: postmenopausal women; type II: elderly women or man)

Front 29

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension

Back 29

21-hydroxylase deficiency

Front 30

Congenital cardiac anomaly

Back 30

VSD

Front 31

Congenital conjugated hyperbulirubinemia (black liver)

Back 31

Dubin-Johnson syndrom (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile)

Front 32

Constrictive pericarditis

Back 32

TB (developing world); SLE (developed world)

Front 33

Coronary artery involved in thrombosis

Back 33

LAD> RCA> LCA

Front 34

Cretinism

Back 34

Iodine deficit/ hypothyroidism

Front 35

Cushing syndrome

Back 35

* Iatrogenic Cushing (from corticosteroid therapy), * Adrenocortical adenoma (secretes excess cortisol), * ACTH- secreting pituitary adenoma, * Paraneoplastic Cushing (due to ACTH secretion by tumors)

Front 36

Cyanosis (early; less common)

Back 36

Tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus

Front 37

Cyanosis (late; more common)

Back 37

VSD, ASD, PDA

Front 38

Death in CML

Back 38

Blast crisis

Front 39

Death in SLE

Back 39

Lupus nephropathy

Front 40

Dementia

Back 40

Alzheimer disease, multiple infarcts

Front 41

Demyelinating disease in young women

Back 41

Multiple sclerosis

Front 42

DIC

Back 42

Severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery

Front 43

Dietary deficit

Back 43

Iron

Front 44

Diverticulum in pharynx

Back 44

Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow)

Front 45

Ejection click

Back 45

Aortic/pulmonic stenosis

Front 46

Esophageal cancer

Back 46

Squamous cell carcinoma (world wide); adenocarcinoma (U.S.)

Front 47

Food poisoning (exotoxin mediated)

Back 47

S. aureus, B. cereus

Front 48

Glomerulonephritis (adults)

Back 48

Berger disease (IgA nephropathy)

Front 49

Gynecologic malignancy

Back 49

Endometrial carcinoma (most common in U.S.); cervical carcinoma (most common world wid)

Front 50

Heart murmur, congenital

Back 50

Mitral valve prolapse

Front 51

Heart valve in bacterial endocarditis

Back 51

Mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IV drug abuse)

Front 52

Helminth infection (US)

Back 52

Enterobius vermicularis, Ascaris lumbricoides

Front 53

Hematoma- epidural

Back 53

Rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma; lentiform shaped)

Front 54

Hematoma- subdural

Back 54

Rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped)

Front 55

Hemochromatosis

Back 55

Multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, "bronze diabetes" and increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma

Front 56

Hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 56

Cirhotic liver (associated with hepatitis B and C and with alcoholism)

Front 57

Hereditary bleeding disorder

Back 57

von Willebrand disease

Front 58

HLA - B27

Back 58

Ankylosing spondylitis

Front 59

HLA - DR3 or DR4

Back 59

Diabetes mellitus type I, rheumatoid arthritis, SLE

Front 60

Holosystolic murmur

Back 60

VSD, tricuspid regurg, mitral regurg

Front 61

Hypercoagulability, enothelial damage, blood stasis

Back 61

Virchow's triad (results in venous thrombosis

Front 62

Hypertension, secondary

Back 62

Renal disease

Front 63

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 63

Accidental excision during thyroidectomy

Front 64

Hypopituitarism

Back 64

Pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor)

Front 65

Infection secondary to blood transfusion

Back 65

Hepatitis C

Front 66

Infections in chronic granulomatous disease

Back 66

Staph aureus, E coli, Aspergillus (catalse positive)

Front 67

Kidney stones

Back 67

1. Calcium=radiopaque, 2. Struvite (ammonium)=radiopaque (formed by urease positive organisms such as Proteus vulgarus or Staphylococcus), 3. Uric acid=radiolucent

Front 68

Late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected L-->R becomes R-->L)

Back 68

Eisenmnger's syndrome (caused by ASD, VSD, PDA; results in pulmonary hypertension/polycythemia)

Front 69

Liver disease

Back 69

Alcoholic cirrhosis

Front 70

Lysosomal Storage Disease

Back 70

Gaucher's disease

Front 71

Male cancer

Back 71

Prostatic carcinoma

Front 72

Malignancy associated with noninfectious fever

Back 72

Hodgkin's lymphoma

Front 73

Malignant skin tumor

Back 73

basal cell carcinoma (rarely metastasizes)

Front 74

Mental retardation

Back 74

1. Down syndrome, 2. Fragile X

Front 75

Metastases to bone

Back 75

Prostate, Breast > lung, > thyroid

Front 76

Metastases to brain

Back 76

Lung > breast > genitourinary > skin (melanoma), GI

Front 77

Metastases to liver

Back 77

Colon >> stomach > pancreas

Front 78

Mitochondrial inheritance

Back 78

Disease occurs in both males and female, inherited through females only

Front 79

Mitral valve stenosis

Back 79

Rheumatic heart disease

Front 80

Mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease

Back 80

ALS

Front 81

Myocarditis

Back 81

Coxsackie B

Front 82

Neoplasms (kids)

Back 82

1. ALL, 2. Cerebellae medulloblastoma

Front 83

Nephrotic syndrome (adults)

Back 83

Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis

Front 84

Nephrotic syndrome (kids)

Back 84

MInimal change disease (asociated with infections/vaccinations; treat with corticosteroids)

Front 85

Neuron migration failure

Back 85

Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hyogonadism and anosmia)

Front 86

Nosocomial pneumonia

Back 86

Klebsiella, E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Front 87

Obstruction of male urinary tract

Back 87

BPH

Front 88

Opening snap

Back 88

Mitral stenosis

Front 89

Oppurtunistic infection in AIDS

Back 89

Pneumocystitis jirovecii pneumonia

Front 90

Osteomyelitis

Back 90

S. aureus

Front 91

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease

Back 91

Salmonella

Front 92

Osteomyelitis with IV drug use

Back 92

Pseudomonas, S. aureus

Front 93

Ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer

Back 93

Krukenberg tumor (mucin secreting signet ring cells)

Front 94

Ovarian tumor (benign, b/l)

Back 94

Serous cystadenoma

Front 95

Ovarian tumor (malignant)

Back 95

Serous cystadenocarcinoma

Front 96

Pancreatitis (acute)

Back 96

Gallstones, alcohol

Front 97

Pancreatitis (chronic)

Back 97

Alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids)

Front 98

Patients with ALL/CLL/AML/CML

Back 98

ALL: child, CLL: adult>60, AML: adult ~65, CML: adult 30-60

Front 99

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Back 99

Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Front 100

Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22) (bcr-abl fusion)

Back 100

CML (may be associated with ALL/AML)

Front 101

Pituitary tumor

Back 101

Prolactinoma, somatotropic "acidophilic" adenoma

Front 102

1* amenorrhea

Back 102

Turner syndrome (45,XO)

Front 103

1* bone tumor (adults)

Back 103

Multiple myeloma

Front 104

1* hyperaldosteronism

Back 104

Adenoma of adrenal cortex

Front 105

1* hyperparathyroidism

Back 105

Adenomas, hyperplasia, carcinoma

Front 106

1* liver cancer

Back 106

Hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, a1-antitrypsin deficiency)

Front 107

Pulmonary hypertension

Back 107

COPD

Front 108

Recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities

Back 108

Buerger disease (strongly associated with tobacco)

Front 109

Renal tumor

Back 109

Renal cell carcinoma: associated with von Hippel-Lindau and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic syndromes (EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH)

Front 110

Right heart failure due to a pulmonary cause

Back 110

Cor pulmonale

Front 111

S3 (protodiastolic gallop)

Back 111

increased ventricular filling (L-> R shunt, mitral regurgitation, LV failure {CHF})

Front 112

S4 (presystolic gallop)

Back 112

Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy)

Front 113

2* hyperparathyroidism

Back 113

Hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease

Front 114

Sexually transmitted disease

Back 114

Chlamydia (usually coinfection with gonorrhea)

Front 115

SIADH

Back 115

Small cell carcinoma of the lung

Front 116

Site of diverticula

Back 116

Sigmoid colon

Front 117

Sites of atherosclerosis

Back 117

Abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery

Front 118

Stomach cancer

Back 118

Adenocarcinoma

Front 119

Stomach ulcerations and high gastrin levels

Back 119

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas)

Front 120

t(14;18)

Back 120

Follicular lymphomas (bcl-2 activation)

Front 121

t(8;14)

Back 121

Burkitt lymphoma

Front 122

t(9;22)

Back 122

Philadelphia chromosome CML (bcr-abl fusion)

Front 123

Temporal arteritis

Back 123

Risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of opthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica

Front 124

Testicular tumor

Back 124

Seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive)

Front 125

Thyroid cancer

Back 125

Papillary carcinoma

Front 126

Tumor in women

Back 126

Leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous)

Front 127

Tumor in infancy

Back 127

Hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood)

Front 128

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (adults)

Back 128

Pheochromocytoma (usually benign)

Front 129

Tumor of the adrenal medulla (kids)

Back 129

Neuroblastomas (malignant)

Front 130

Type of Hodgkin

Back 130

Nodular sclerosis (vs mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion)

Front 131

Type of non-hodgkin

Back 131

Diffuse large cell

Front 132

UTI

Back 132

E.coli, Staphylococcus saprophyticus (young women)

Front 133

Viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe

Back 133

HSV-1

Front 134

Vitamin deficiency (US)

Back 134

Folate (pregnant women at high risk, body stores 3-4 month supply; prevents neural tube defects)