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105 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Anticentromere antibodies
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Scleroderma (CREST)
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Antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies
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Pemphigus vulgaris (blistering)
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Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibodies
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Goodpasture's syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis)
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Antihistone antibodies
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Drug induced SLE (hydrlazine, isoniazid, joint pannus, Boutonniere deformity)
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Anti- IgG antibodies
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Rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity)
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Antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs)
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primary biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestasis, portal HTN)
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Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCAs)
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Microscopic polyangitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granlumatosis with polyagnitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA)
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Antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA)
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SLE (type III hypersensitivity)
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Antiplatelet antibodies
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Idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura
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Anti-topoisomerase antiboides
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Diffuse systemic scleroderma
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Anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies
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Celiac disease (diarrhea, distension, weight loss)
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"Apple core" lesion on abdominal x-ray
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Colorectal caner (usually left sided)
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Azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusion in granulocytes and myeloblasts
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Auer rods (AML, especially the promyelocytic (M3) variant)
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Bacitracin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pyogenes (group A); resistant: Streptococcus agalactiae (group B)
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"Bamboo spine" on x-ray
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Ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis: HLA-B27)
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Basophillic nuclear remnants in RBCs
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Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen)
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Basophillic stippling of RBC's
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Lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia
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Bloody tap on LP
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Subarachnoid hemorrhage
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"Boot shaped" heart on x-ray
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Tetralogy of Fallot, RVH
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Branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules
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Actinomyces israelii
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Bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging
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Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome)
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"Brown" tumor of bone
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Hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color)
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Cardiomegaly with apical atrophy
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Chagas disease (Trypanasoma cruzi)
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Cellular crescents in Bowman capsule
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Rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis
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"Chocolate cyst" of ovary
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Endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries)
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Circular grouping of dark tumor cells surrounding pale nurofibrils
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Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma)
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Colonies of mucoid Psudomonas in lungs
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Cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene -> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs)
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decreased AFP inamniotic fluid/maternal serum
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Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormalities
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Degeneration of dorsal column nerves
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Tabes dorsalis (3* syphilis), subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected Vit B12, Vit E)
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Depigmentation of neurons in substantia nigra
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Parkinson disease (basal ganglia disorder: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia)
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Desquamated epithelium casts in sputum
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Curschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plugs)
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Disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid
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Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary)
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Dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia
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Koilocytes (HPV: predisposes to cervical cancer)
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Enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodies
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"Owl eye" appearance of CMV
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Enlarged thyroid cells with ground glass nuclei
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"Orphan Annie" eyes nuclei (papillary carcinoma of the thyroid)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell
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Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease)
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Eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell
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Lewy body (Parkinson disease)
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Eosinophilic globule in liver
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Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever)
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Eosinophilic inclusion bodies in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells
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Negri bodies of rabies
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Extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain
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Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease)
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Giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions ("Owls eyes")
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Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma)
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Glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells
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Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor)
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"Hair on end" (crew cut) appearrance on x-ray
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beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion)
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hCG elevated
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Choriocarcinoma, hyatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy)
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Heart nodules (granulomatous)
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Aschoff bodes (rheumatic fever)
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Heterophile antibodies
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Infectious mononucleosis (EBV)
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Hexagonal, double pointed, needle like crystals in bronchial secretions
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Bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals: eosinophilic granules)
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High level of D-dimers
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DVT, PE, DIC
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Hilar lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesion in middle or lower lung lobes (can calcify)
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Ghon complex (1* TB: Mycobacterium bacilli)
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"Honeycomb lung" on x-ray or CT
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Interstitial pulmonary fibrosis
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Hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis)
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Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung)
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Hypersegmented neutrophils
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Megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency: neurologic symptoms; folate deficiency: no neurologic symptoms)
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Hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis
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Conn syndrome
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Hypochromic, microcytic anemia
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Iron deficiency anemia, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present)
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Increased AFP in amniotic fluid/ maternal serum
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Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (neural tube defects)
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Increased uric acid levels
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Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics
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Intranuclear eosinophilic droplet like bodies
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Cowdry type A bodies (HSC or CMV)
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Iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum
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Ferruginous bodies (asbestosis: increases chance of mesothelioma)
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Keratin pearls on a skin biopsy
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Squamous cell carcinoma
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Large lysosomal vesicles in phagocytes, immunodeficiency
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Chediak-Higashi disease (congenital failure of phagolysosome formation)
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"Lead pipe" appearance of colon on barium enema x-ray
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Ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra)
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Linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane
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Goodpasture's syndrome
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Low serum ceruloplasmin
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Wilson's disease (hepatolenticular degeneration)
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"Lumpy Bumpy" appearance of glomeuli on immunofluorescence
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Postsreptococcal glomerulonephritis (immune complex deposition of IgG and C3b)
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Lytic ("hole punched") bone lesions on x-ray
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Multiple myeloma
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Mammary gland ("blue domed") cyst
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Fibrocystic change of the breast
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Monoclonal antibody spike
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Multiple myeloma (usually IgG or IgA), Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging), Waldenstrom (M-protein = IgM) macroglobulinema, Primary amyloidosis
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Mucin filled cell with peripheral nucleus
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"Signet ring" (gastric carcinoma)
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Narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray
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"String sign" (Crohn disease)
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Necrotizing vasculitis (lungs) and necrotizing glomerulonephritis
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Granulomatosis with polyangitis (Wegener; PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) and Goodpasture's syndrome (anti-basement membrane antibodies))
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Needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals
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Gout (monosodium urate crystals)
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Nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli
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Kimmelsteil-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy)
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Novobiocin response
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Sensitive: Staphylococcus epidermidis; resistant: Staphylococcus saprophyticus
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"Nutmeg" appearance of liver
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Chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure
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"Onion skin" periosteal reaction
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Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor)
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Optochin response
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Sensitive: Streptococcus pneumoniae; resistant: viridans Streptococci
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Periosteum raised from bone, creating triangular area
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Codman triangle on x-ray (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis)
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Podocyte fusion or "effacement" on electron microscopy
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Minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome)
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Polished, "ivory like" appearance of bone at cartilage erosion
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Eburnation (osteoarthritis resulting in bony sclerosis)
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Protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein
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Neurofibrillary tangles (Alzheimer disease) and Pick bodies (Pick disease)
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Psamomma bodies
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Meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of the endometrium and ovary
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Pseudopalisading tumor cells on brain biopsy
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GBM- Glioblastoma multiforme
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RBC casts in urine
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Acute glomerulonephritis
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Rectangular, crystal-like, cytoplasmic inclusion in Leydig cells
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Reinkey crytals (Leydig cell tumor)
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Renal epithelial casts in urine
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Acute toxic/viral renal injury
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Rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent
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Pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystals)
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Rib notching
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Coarctation of the aorta
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Ring enhancing brain lesions in AIDS
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Toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma
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Sheets of medium sized lymphoid cells with scattered pale, tingible body laden macrophages (starry-sky histo)
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Burkitt lymphoma (t 8:14) c-myc activation, associated with EBC; "black sky" made up of malignant cells)
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Silver staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons
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Pick bodies (Pick disease: progressive dementia, changes in personality)
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"Soap bubble" in femur/tibia on x-ray
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Giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign)
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"Spikes" on basement membrane, "dome-like" subepi deposits
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Membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome)
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Stacks of RBCs
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Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma)
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Stiplled vaginal epithelial cells
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"Clue cells" (Gardnerella vaginalis)
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"Tennis racket"- shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells
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Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell hitiocytosis or histiocytosis X: eosinophillic granuloma)
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Thrombi made of white/red layers
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Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs)
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"Thumb sign" on lateral x-ray
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Epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenza)
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Thyroid-like appearance of kidney
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Chronic bacterial pyelonephritis
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"Tram-track" appearance of capillary loops of glomerular basement membranes on light microscopy
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Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
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Triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles
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Fatty liver disease (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome)
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"Waxy" casts with very low urine flow
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Chronic end-stage renal disease
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WBC casts in urine
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Acute pyelonephritis
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WBCs that look "smudged"
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CLL (usually B cell)
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"Wire loop" glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy
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Lupus nephropathy
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Yellowish CSF
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Xanthochromia (eg from subarachnoid hemorrhage)
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