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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give two ways of removing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere |
- Increasing photosynthesis / planting more trees - Capture and storage by pumping to the ocean floor or pump deep under the sea - Capture and storage in (former) oil/gas wells |
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Why is the shape of molecule X important in a biological context ( enzyme, bacteria) |
- to be effective x must fit the receptor/ active site of the bacteria - enzymes active site have specific shapes so only molecules that fit this wall react - x bonds or forms intermolecular bond to the active site |
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Write an equation corresponding to the third ionisation enthalpy of Zinc |
- Zn 2+ (g) ---> Zn 3+ (g) + e- |
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Explain why the second ionisation enthalpy of Calcium is smaller than the third ionisation enthalpy of calcium |
- 2nd IE removing from shell further from nucleus or (3rd IE) removing electrons from shell closer to nucleus - (2nd IE) electron experiences less attraction |
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Define the term electronegativity |
- The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a covalent bond |
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What name is given to the functional group in H3-C-O-CH3? |
- ether |
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What name is given to the group -SO3H and -SO3 |
- Sulfonic acid and sulfonate |
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What is meant by unsaturation in fatty acids? |
- The presence of C=C |
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Describe E/Z (trans/cis) isomerism |
- the c=c double bond prevents rotation - there must be two different groups on each carbon of the carbon- carbon double bond |
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Explain why the E(trans) form of an unsaturated fatty acid has a higher melting point than the Z(cis) versions |
- Molecules chains can line up together more closely - Intermolecular bonds are stronger - more energy required melt |
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What is an enantiomer |
- A non-sumperimposable mirror image |
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Explain the meaning of the term 'pharmacophore' |
- Part of the molecule that binds to a enzyme and is responsible for the medical action of the drug |
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Explain how inhibitors slow down the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction |
- Inhibitors binds fits into the active site of the enzymes |
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A substance used as an antidote for arsenic poisoning it itself toxic, Suggest a test chemists would do before this drug is allowed to be used |
- Determining a safe dose of the chemical - Determining how toxic it is compared arsenic |
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An insecticide is toxic to people and animals, suggest 2 arguments that farmers may give to be able to continue using this product |
- no effective alternatives available - it can be used with suitable care in low concentrations - It is needed to produce a better yield of food or boost crop profit
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Identify some of the steps involved in going from discovering a substance discovered in fungi to synthetic statin for medical use |
- Show that a compound has medical properties - identify the lead compound - synthesis similar molecules - Clinical trails may include ethical testing |
