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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the causes of Abrasions? (4)
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Foreign Bodies
Contact Lenses Facial Palsies Eyelid Palsies |
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Eyes have a decreased proportion of ___________, so they have an increased risk of _______________.
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Immunoglobins
Infection |
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Post-Op Care for Corneal Injuries (3)
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Patch for 3-5 Days
Position on Non-Operative side to reduce IOP Instillation of Antibiotic Eye Drops |
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Complications of Corneal Injuries (4)
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Infection
Floaters Increasing Redness Vision Loss |
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Activities that Increase IOP (7)
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Forceful Coughing
Forceful Nose Blowing Straining with BMs Heavy Lifting Vomiting Bending/Leaning at the Waist Sex |
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Sudden, jerky movements of the head cause ______________
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Increased IOP
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After eye surgery for Corneal Injuries, pt should not due anything that _____________
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Increases IOP
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Surgical treatment for Corneal Injuries is done an _____________ setting.
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Ambulatory
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Removal and transplanting of Corneal tissue is done using what?
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Trephine
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Care of the Donor in Corneal Transplants (3)
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HOB to 30
Instilation of Triple Antibiotic Ointment Ice Packs |
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CATARACTS
Caused by? |
As we get older, the lenses in our eyes DRY OUT and the DENSITY increases
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CATARACTS
Is there pain with cataracts? |
NO
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CATARACTS
Manifestations (4) |
Absence of Red Reflex
Obvious opacity of the affected eye(s) Diminished visual acuity Diplopia (Double-Vision) |
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CATARACTS
Surgical Intervention Pre-Op (5) |
Teach eyedrop Instillation
Peripheral IV Mydriasis Cyclopegia Vasoconstricion |
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CATARACTS
Operative Techniques (2) |
Extracapsular Approach
Phacoemulsification Approach |
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CATARACTS
Surgical Intervention Post-Op (3) |
Antibiotic/Steroid Drops
Protection from Sunlight Education |
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CATARACTS
Signs of Complications after Surgery (4) |
PAIN
Excessive Swelling/Bruising Redness, Edema, Purulent Drainage Worsening Vision |
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What is a normal IOP?
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11-20
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Glaucoma is an Increase in IOP due to excessive production or inadequate drainage and reabsorption of __________________
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Aqueous Humor
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Is Glaucoma painful?
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NO
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Is Glaucoma Progressive?
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Yes
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OPEN ANGLE GLAUCOMA
IOP Increase...Substantial/Modest Common/Less Common Unilateral/Bilateral Onset...Gradual/Sudden Medical Emergency??? |
Modest Increase in IOP
Most Common Form Bilateral Gradual Onset Not a Medical Emergency |
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CLOSED ANGLE GLAUCOMA
IOP Increase...Substantial/Modest Common/Less Common Unilateral/Bilateral Onset...Gradual/Sudden Medical Emergency??? |
Substantial Increase in IOP
Less Common Can be Unilateral or Bilateral Sudden Onset Medical Emergency |
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Pt with CATARACTS vision looks like what?
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Like they are looking through a waterfall
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Pt with GLAUCOMA vision looks like what?
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They lose peripheral vision, only able to see things centered
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GLAUCOMA
Manifestations of Open Angle (4) |
Peripheral Vision Loss
Diminished vision that does not improve with Glasses Halos Elevated Tonometry Readings |
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GLAUCOMA
Manifestations of Closed Angle (3) |
Periorbital Pain
HA Pupillary Dilation and Non-Reactivity |
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GLAUCOMA
Drug Treatment (5) |
B-Blockers
Cholinergics Prostaglandins Adrenergics Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibiors |
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GLAUCOMA
Surgical Treatment (2) |
Laser Trabeculoplasty
Filtering Microsurgery |
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Laser Trabeculoplasty
Treats ____________. Promotes fiber ____________ by making space for __________________ drainage. |
Glaucoma
Tightening Aqueous Humor |
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Filtering Microsurgery
Treats ____________. Creates a hole between the anterior and posterior chambers, making space for __________________ drainage. |
Glaucoma
Aqueous Humor |
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GLAUCOMA
Post-Operative Complication |
Hemorrhage into the Choroid
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Hemorrhage into the Choroid with Glaucoma surgery leads to what? (3)
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Deep Throbbing
Pain Loss of Vision |
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Contraindications of B-Blocker Eyedrops (2)
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COPD, Asthma, Emphysema
Diabetics because it masks signs of Hypoglycemia |
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Cholinergics will cause what if toxic?
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SLUDGE
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Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors is Contraindicated in who?
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Pt allergic to Sulfa
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Macular Degeneration is a _____________ disease that affects ____________ vision.
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Progressive
Central |
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Macular Degeneration is common in _____________ because they have ___________________.
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Diabetics
Leaky Vessels |
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
Nursing Interventions (3) |
Goal is to delay progression
Laser Therapy to Cauterize Leaky Vessels Photodynamic Therapy to Occlude Leaky Vessels |
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
Dry Macular Degeneration is Insidious, _______________ blockade of retinal capillaries. Decreased __________________ leads to ischemia and ____________ of photoreceptors. |
Progressive
Blood Flow Necrosis |
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
Dry Macular Degeneration is a _____________ of the capillaries. |
Hardening
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
Wet Macular Degeneration is ___________ to the macular epithelium. ______________ extends into damaged area. |
Damage
Angiogensis |
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MACULAR DEGENERATION
With Wet Macular Degeneration, newly formed vessels leak. This gives rise to what? (2) |
Scar Formation
Vision Loss |
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Retinal Detachment often occurs following a __________ in the retina. The retina separates from the underlying _____________ tissue.
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Break
Epithelial |
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Is Retinal Detachment Painful?
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NO
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Retinal Detachment is described by patients as ________ ________.
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Curtain Closing
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Retinal Detachment is cause for Immediate _______________.
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Surgery
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What is Myopia?
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Near-Sightedness
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What is Hyperopia?
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Far-Sightedness
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What is Otitis Externa Commonly Called?
Is it painful? |
Swimmer's Ear
Yes, Extraordinarily Painful |
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OTITIS EXTERNA
Treatments (3) |
Antibiotic/Steroid Drops
Bedrest/Limited Movement Warm Compress |
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OTITIS EXTERNA
Complications (4) |
Meningitis
VII CN Palsy Cellulitis Brain Abcess |
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Cerumen Impaction is the leading cause of what?
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Hearing Loss
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CERUMEN IMPACTION
Treatment (2) |
Irrigation with 50/50 H2O/H2O2
Instillation of Cerumenolytic |
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CERUMEN IMPACTION
Contraindications to Irrigation (2) |
Tympanic Membrane Perforation
Vegetative Foreign Body |
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What is Otitis Media and what does it prevent?
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Middle-Inner Ear Infection that prevents the conduction of sound.
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Otitis Media inflames what structure?
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Ear Ossicles
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Otitis Media is most commonly caused by what type of agent?
Bacterial or Viral |
Viral Staph.
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OTITIS MEDIA
Treatments (2) |
Antibiotics
Myringotomy |
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OTITIS MEDIA
Manifestations (4) |
PAIN
Fever/HA/Malaise Obscurred Cone of Light Swollen Glands |
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OTITIS MEDIA
Complications (4) |
Hearing Loss
Speech Delays Perforation Meningitis |
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Mastoiditis is an infection of the Mastoid _________ cells, located within the __________ bone.
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Air
Temporal |
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Mastoiditis is caused by (2)
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Untreated OM
Inadequately Treated OM |
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MASTOIDITIS
Manifestations (5) |
EXTREME PAIN
HA/Fever Swollen Lymph Nodes Side/Downward displacement of Ear Dizziness/Vertigo |
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MASTOIDITIS
Complications (4) |
Osteoymyelitis
Hearing Loss VI/VII CN Palsies Meningitis |
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Labyrinthitis is an ______________ infection.
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Inner Ear
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LABYRINTHITIS
Manifestations (3) |
Vertigo
Nausea Vomiting |
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LABYRINTHITIS
Complication |
Meningitis
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LABYRINTHITIS
Treatment (4) |
Antibiotics
Antiemetics Benedryl Bedrest in Dark room |
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Clinical Manifestations of Inner Ear Problems (6)
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Tinnitus
Vertigo/Dizziness Nystagmus Nausea Vomiting Hearing Loss |
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Meniere's Disease is a condition characterized by ___________ production of endolymphatic fluid lining the _______________ canals.
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Excess
Semi-Circular |
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Meniere's Disease is common in who?
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White Men
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MENIERE'S DISEASE
Triad of Symptoms |
Tinnitus
Unilateral Hearing Loss Vertigo |
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MENIERE'S DISEASE
Non-Surgical Intervention (4) |
Hydrops Diet
Antiemetics Motion Sickness Drugs Diuretics |
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What is a Hydrops Diet? (5)
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Low Na Drinks
Decaffeinated Drinks Adequate Hydration No MSG Limited Alcohol Intake |
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When is Surgical Intervention used for Meniere's Disease?
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As a LAST resort
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Acoustic Neuroma is a __________ tumor originating in the _____ CN.
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Benign
VIII |
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ACOUSTIC NEUROMA
Manifestations (4) |
Tinnitus
Vertigo Hearing Loss VII CN Palsy |
