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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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- reduced vision in an eye not correctable by a manifest refraction and with no obvious pathologic or structural cause. The vision in the infected eye is worse than in the fellow-eye.
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amblyopia
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- an abnormal occular condition characterized by a difference in the refractive powers of the eyes
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anisometropia
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- a blindness resulting from a defect in or the absence of one or both eyes. 1. suffixes meaning nonuse or arrested development of the eye
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anopia
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- an opaque ring, gray to white in color, that surrounds the periphery of the cornea. It is caused by deposits of cholesterol in the cornea or hyaline degeneration and occurs primarily in older persons.
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arcus senilis
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- an abnormal condition of the eye in which the light rays cannot be focused clearly in a point on the retina because the spheric curve of the cornea or lens is not equal in all meridians. Vision is typically blurred; if uncorrected, it often results in visual discomfort or asthenopia. the person cannot accommodate to correct the problem. The condition usually may be corrected with contact lenses or with eyeglasses ground to neutralize the condition.
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astigmatism
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- pinpoint white or light yellow spots on the iris of a child with Down syndrome. Occasionally, they are seen in normal infants.
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Brushfield's spots
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- an abnormal progressively condition of the lens of the eye, characterized by loss of transparency. A yellow, brown, or whie opacity can be observed within the lens, behind the pupil. Most are caused by degenerative changes, often occuring after 50 years of age, tendency to develop this is inherited. Trauma, such as a puncture wound, may result in cataract formation. Less often, exposure to such poisons as dinitrophenol or napthalene causes them.
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cataract
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- an inflammatory condition of the eye, usually as a result of parasitic or bacterial infection. Characterized by blurred vision, photophobia, and distorted images.
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chorioretinitis
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- a congenital or pathologic defect in the ocular tissue of the body, usually affecting the iris, ciliary body, or chorid by forming a cleft that extends inferiorly. This condition is usually the result of the failure o f part of the fetal fissure to close.
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coloboma
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- inflammation of the conjunctiva, caused by bacterial or viral infection, allergy, or environmental factors. Red eyes, thick discharge, sticky eyelids in the morning ,and inflammation without pain are characteristic results of the most common cause, bacteria. The cause may be found by microscopic examination or bactriologic culture of the discharge. Choice of treatment depends on the causative agent and may include antibacterial agents, antibiotics, corticosteroids. Also called pink eye
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conjuctivitis
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- ? Book has it as cotton wool exudate or spots - a white, fluffy-appearing lesion, an infarction of the nerve fiber layer, observed on the retina of patients with certain systemic conditions, such as diabetes, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hypertension, and lupus. Can also be observed in retinal infections.
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cotton wool patches
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- double vision caused by defective function of the extracular muscles or a disorder of the nerves that innervate the muscles. it occurs when the object of fixation falls on the fovea in one eye and a nonfoveal point in the other eye when the object of fixation falls on two noncorresponding points. Also called ambliopia
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diplopia
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- small yellowish hyaline deposits that develop beneath the retinal pigment epithelium, sometimes appearing as nodules within the optic nerve head. They tend to occur most frequently in persons older than 60 years of age and are commonly associated with age related macular degeneration
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drusen bodies
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- a state of normal vision characterized by the proper relationship between the refractive system of the eyeball and its axial length. This correlation ensures that light rays entering the eye parallel to the optic axis are focused exactly on the retina.
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emmetropia
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- tearing - watering of the eye usually caused by excessive tear production, resulting from strong emotion, infection, or mechanic irritation by a foreign body. If the normal amount of liqud tears is produced but not drained into the lacrimal punctum at the nasal border of the eye, tear overflow will occur. If the lacrimal punctum, sac, canaliculi, or nosolacrimal duct blocked, tears also will overflow.
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epiphora
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- a medial deviation of one eye, relative to the other fixating eye such that fusion is not maintained. Also called convergent squint, convergent strabismus, internal strabismus.
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esotropia
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a gray-green to red gold pigmented ring at the outer margin of the cornea (limbal border), pathognomonic of hepatolenticular degeneration, a rare progressive disease caused by a defect in copper metabolism and transmitted as an autosomal recessive trait. The disease is characterized by cerebral degenerative changes, liver cirrhosis, splenomegaly, involuntary movements, muscle rigidity, psychic disturbances, and dysphagia. (pic on pg. 1029); also see Wilson’s disease.
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Kayser-Fleisher Rings :
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: a condition of nearsightedness caused by the elongation of the eyeball or by an error in refraction so that parallel rays are focused in front of the retina. Myopia can be classified as curvature myopia, index myopia, and pathologic myopia. Also called nearsightedness, short sight, shortsightedness.
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Myopia
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: [Gk, nystagmos, nodding], involuntary, rhythmic movements of the eyes. The oscillations* may be horizontal, vertical, rotary, or mixed. Jerking nystagmus, characterized by faster movements in one direction than in the opposite direction, is more common than pendular nystagmus, in which the oscillations are approximately equal in rate in both directions. Jerking nystagmus occurs normally when an individual observes a moving object, but on other occasions it may be a sign of barbiturate intoxication or of labyrinthine* vestibular*, vascular, or neurologic disease. Labyrinthine vestibular nystagmus, most frequently rotary, is usually accompanied by vertigo and nausea. Vertical nystagmus is considered pathognomonic of disease of the tegmentum* of the brainstem; nystagmus occurring only in the abducting eye is said to be a sign of multiple sclerosis. Seesaw nystagmus, in which one eye moves up and the other down, may be observed in bilateral hemianopia*. Pendular nystagmus occurs in albinism, in various diseases of the retina and refractive media, and in miners after many years of working in darkness. In miners the eye movements are very rapid, increase on upward gaze, and are often associated with vertigo, head tremor, and photophobia
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Nystagmus
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to pierce; a hole or opening made through the entire thickness of a membrane or other tissue or material
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Perforation:
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pertaining to the area surrounding the socket of the eye
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Periorbital:
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thickened yellow triabgular nodule in bulbar conjuctiva
- may be in nasal or temporal area starts first in nasal - base is triangle toward the limbus |
pinguecula
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: a refractive condition in which the accommodative ability of the eye cannot meet the accommodative demand for near work. It results from a loss of elasticity of the lens of the eye. The condition commonly develops with advancing age, with the first symptoms appearing about age 40
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Presbyopia
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triangular thickening in bulbar conjuctiva in nasal area
- may grow across cornea - apex of triangle toward the limbus |
pterygium
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an abnormal ocular condition in which the visual axes of the eyes are not directed at the same point. There are two kinds of strabismus, paralytic and nonparalytic. Paralytic strabismus results from the inability of the ocular muscles to move the eye because of neurologic deficit or muscular dysfunction. The muscle that is dysfunctional may be identified by watching as the patient attempts to move the eyes to each of the cardinal positions of gaze. If the affected eye cannot be directed to a position, the examiner infers that the associated ocular muscle is the dysfunction one. Because this kind of strabismus may be caused by tumor, infection, or injury to the brain or the eye, an ophthalmologic examination is recommended. Nonparalytic strabismus is a defect in the position of the two eyes in relation to each other. The condition may be inherited. The person cannot use the two eyes together but has to fixate with one or the other. The eye that looks straight at a given time is the fixing eye. Some people have alternating strabismus, using one eye and then the other; some have monocular strabismus, which affects only one eye. Visual acuity diminishes with diminished use of an eye, and suppression amblyopia* may develop. Nonparalytic strabismus and suppression amblyopia are treated mos successfully in early childhood. The primary treatment to prevent amblyopia consists mainly of covering the fixing eye, forcing the child to use the deviating eye. The earlier it is begun, the more rapid and effective is the treatment. The eyes might be straightened by surgery, but suppression amblyopia will not be corrected
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Strabismus
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: Subconjunctival hemorrhage is defined as blood between the conjunctiva and the sclera, and it is involved in the differential diagnosis of a red eye. Subconjunctival hemorrhage results from bleeding of the conjunctival or the episcleral blood vessels into the subconjunctival space. The hemorrhage can be traumatic, spontaneous, or related to systemic illness
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Subconjunctival hemorrhage
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a chronic infectious disease of the eye caused by the bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis. It is characterized initially by inflammation, pain, photophobia, and lacrimation. If untreated, follicles form on the upper eyelids, forming scarring that causes trichiasis and corneal sequelae, eventually causing blindness. Tetracycline, erythromycin, and azithromycin usually provide effective treatment. Scarred eyelids may be surgically repaired. Trachoma is significant cause of blindness and endemic to hot, dry, poverty-ridden areas. In the U.S. it is found in the Southwest. Teaching an affected population about the spread of trachoma and having an adequate water supply for washing hands, towels, and handkerchiefs are important factors in eliminating the disease. Also called Egyptian ophthalmia, granular conjunctivitis
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Trachoma:
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: an inflammatory condition of the lash follicles and meibomian glands of the eyelids, characterized by swelling, redness, and crusts of dried mucus on the lids. Ulcerative blepharitis is caused by bacterial infection. Nonulcerative blepharitis may be caused by psoriasis, seborrhea, or an allergic response. (pic on pg. 227) **refer to book for observations, intervention, and nursing considerations
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Blepharitis
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the involuntary contraction of eyelid muscles. The condition may be caused by a local lesionof the ye, a neurologic irritation, or psychologic stress.
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Blepharospasm
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: a small, nonmalignant, localized swelling of the eyelid resulting from obstruction and retained secretions of the meibomian glands. Treatment can include warm wet compresses, but the condition often requires surgery for correction.
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Chalazion
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what are the tests for central vision
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snellen alphabet
E or leg Rosembaum |
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- must get half+1 of line
- refer if >2 line difference between |
snellen
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for near vision
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rosembaum
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tests for peripheral vision 15-24" away from client at eye level
- bring wiggling finger equidistant between the midpoint - 8 peripheral fields per eye |
confrontation
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use the opposite eye
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confrontation
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what do you look for when assessing the eyes
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presence
position shape devices mood intraocular pressure injuuries/ foreign object |
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absence on an eye
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anopia
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use finger pad to touch each eye and see if there is a nice give when you push it in, it should bounce back
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IOP
- gently ballotable OU |
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what are some reasons people may not have eyebrows
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hansons (leprosy)
alopecia totalis chemo |
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should go from medial to temporal aspect
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eyebrow
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can find furuncles
seborrhea with oiliness and scaliness cradle cap may extend to brows |
eyebrow
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total eyebrow infestation with lice
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phthiriasis
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what are you checking for when assessing the eyelids
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position
ability to open and close color integrity edema spasms/tics lesions lashes exudate |
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describe the eyelid position
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should be symmetrical when open
- upper lid should cover 2-3mm of superior iris but not the pupil - lower lid should meet iris - closed lids should meet - check for lid lag, rising sun |
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eye goes down but the lid comes later or slower
- assoc with hyperthyroidism |
lid lag
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when you lay down where does the iris go
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setting sun
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any type of sagging
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pstosis
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a little ptosis, usually comes with constricted pupil
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Horners syndrome
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seems to be tearing, pathway interupted and doesnt go where it should go so it drains out
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palsy
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what are some deviations you can find in the eyelid color
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erythema
cyanosis allergic shiner ecchymosis petechia hemangionas makeup/tattoos |
