Eyes, Ears, Nose, Paranasal

Front 1

flow of aqueous humor

Back 1

ciliary process-> post chamber, pupil, ant. chamber, irdiocorenal angle, meshlike spaces, canal of schlemm, episcleral veins, back to cirulatory system

Front 2

refractive media of eye

Back 2

cornea (main), aqueous humor, lens, vitreous body

Front 3

vessels of eye

Back 3

opthalmic a:
- central retinal a, ciliary a, supratrochlear a, muscular branches
opthalmic v- sup/ inf opthalmic vein -> cavernous sinus

Front 4

lacrimal apparatus

Back 4

lac glands, puncta, canaliculi, ducts, sac, nasolacrimal duct, inferior nasal meatus

Front 5

layers eyelid

Back 5

skin (gland zeis and moll), subcuteanous tissue, muscular, tarsofacial (tarsal gland), conjunctiva (strat columnar)

Front 6

borders of orbit

Back 6

roof: orbital of frontal
lat: thicketst, zygomatic bone, greater wing of sphenoid
flr: orbital plate maxilla
med: thin, frontal of maxilla, lacrimal, ethmoid, sphenoid

Front 7

all recti are?

Back 7

adductors except lat. rectus

Front 8

all obliques are?

Back 8

abductors including lat rectus

Front 9

all sup ms are?

Back 9

intorters

Front 10

all inf ms are?

Back 10

extorters

Front 11

common origin eom?

Back 11

common tendinous ring

Front 12

common insetion eom?

Back 12

fascial sheath eyeball

Front 13

eye depressors?

Back 13

sup oblique, inf rectus

Front 14

elevators eye

Back 14

inf oblique, sup rectus

Front 15

left to right

Back 15

MR (r) LR (l)

Front 16

rught to left

Back 16

Lr, MR

Front 17

up to left

Back 17

IO, SR,

Front 18

up and right

Back 18

SR, IO (l)

Front 19

down and left?

Back 19

SO, IR (L)

Front 20

down and right?

Back 20

IR, SO (L)

Front 21

tunics of eyeball

Back 21

1) fibrous (sclerocorneal)
2) vascular tunic(uvea)
3) nervous tunic (retina)

Front 22

layers of cornea

Back 22

1) epithelium (non-K strat squa)
2) bowman's membrane (collagen-strength)
3) substantia propria (collagen w/ fibroblasts, avascular)
4) decemets membrane (fine collagenous filaments in 3d)
5) mesothelum (sim. squa epi- maintain transparency, moves na- to surface- dehyrdated)

Front 23

corean

Back 23

ant part fibrous tunic, avascular, nrourished from aqueous humor, high regenerative

Front 24

sclera

Back 24

post opaque, made of dense fibrous- lamina cribosa, pierced by optic n, ciliar a, avascular

Front 25

limbus

Back 25

sclerocorneal junction, contains apparatus for outflow aqueous humor, highly vascularized

Front 26

layers of choroid

Back 26

1. suprachoroid/epichoroid lamina (separates)
2) vessel layer- melanocytes
3) choriocapillary layer- more BV, nutrition retina
4)brunch's membrane (glassy)- hyaline mem separates choriocapillary from retina

Front 27

choroid

Back 27

outer pigmented and inner vascular layer, gives black color

Front 28

ciliary body

Back 28

continuous w/ choroid, has ciliary ring, process, and muscles

Front 29

ciliary process

Back 29

produces aqeuous humor (col. epithlium)

Front 30

ciliary ms

Back 30

for accomodation, increases refractive power by pulling ciliary body forward, relieve tension, lens convex

Front 31

zonular/occitalan fibers

Back 31

suspsensory fibers of lens, oppose ciliary ms action

Front 32

iris

Back 32

thin pigmented diaphragm w/ central aperture, divides cornea into ant/post chamber (post- pars iridis)
has dilator papillae (symp) and sphincter papillae (para)

Front 33

ciliary ms, lig, lens shape when look far

Back 33

suspen ligs- contracted, ciliary ms relaxed, shape lens flattened

Front 34

when look near ligs, ciliary ms, lens

Back 34

lig- relaed, ciliary ms contracted, lens globular

Front 35

retina

Back 35

(outer pigmented, inner nervous) in contact w/ choroid and viretous body

Front 36

optic disc

Back 36

depressed region, central retinal artery arises- blind spot no photoreceptive cells

Front 37

ora serrata

Back 37

photosensitive part of retina where nervous tissue ends

Front 38

macula lutea

Back 38

center of post part retina- oval, yellowish, has fovea centralis (most distinct visuion)

Front 39

pars ciliaris

Back 39

ciliary epithelium, non photosensiive

Front 40

layers retina

Back 40

1) retinal pigment epi 2) layers rods/cones (photoreceptiive)
3) external or outer limitng membrane 4) outer nuclear layer (cell bodies rods/cones) 5) outer plexiform membrane (axons of cell bodies/rods/cones) 6) inner nuclear layer (cell bodies of bipolar neurons, amacrine, horizonal) 7) inner plexiform membrane (axons of cell bodies of bipolar neurons, amacrine, horizontal) 8) ganglion cell layer (cell bodies- neurons who form optic n) 9) nerve fiber layer (same as 8) 10) internal limiting membrane

Front 41

external ear

Back 41

auricle, external auditory meatus

Front 42

auricle (pinna)

Back 42

lat concave, irreg, for sound colelction for trandsduction, elastic cart except lobule (fibrous)

Front 43

cauliflower ear

Back 43

ext ear has blood clot/fluid, colelcts under pericondhrium, separates cart from overlying perichondirum- cart dies, forms fibrous tissue

Front 44

ms of auricle

Back 44

ant, sup, post auricular

Front 45

art. supply auricle

Back 45

post auricular (eca)
ant auricular (sup. temp)
branch from occipital a

Front 46

venous draininage auricle

Back 46

corresponds w/ arteresi

Front 47

lymph auricle

Back 47

sup paratoid lymph, mastoid lymph, sup. cervical lymph

Front 48

sensory nerve auricle

Back 48

1) great auricular (cervical plex) 2) auriculo-temporal (vagus) 3) auriculo temporal (v3)

Front 49

external auditory canal

Back 49

s-shaped osteocartilaginous (concha to tympanic mem, has cartilaginous and osseous part

Front 50

carilaginous eac

Back 50

auditory process, elastic, thin skin, sebaceous and ceruminous glands

Front 51

ceruminous glands

Back 51

modificed sebaceous glands (simple coiled tubular) - cerumen

Front 52

osseous eac

Back 52

inner 2/3 formed by tympanic plate, narrower, inward, collects sound waves- vibrations

Front 53

arterial eac

Back 53

sup temporal, post auricular, deep auricular (max a)
veins accompany

Front 54

sensory eac

Back 54

auricular branch (vagus), auriculo-temporal n

Front 55

middle ear

Back 55

petrous part temporal bone, transmit vibrations of tympanic membrane

Front 56

arterial middle ear

Back 56

tympanic branch (max), stylomastoid from post auricular a

Front 57

venous middle ear

Back 57

pterygoid plexus, sup petrosal sinus

Front 58

nerve middle ear

Back 58

tympanic plexus (cn 9) and corticotympanic n from cartoid sympahtietc n)

Front 59

boundaries middle ear

Back 59

roof- tegmen tympani
flr- fundus tympani
med/labryrinthine- promontory tympanic plexus, above has oval window, fenestra vestibuli, below- round window/fenestra cochlea
ant/cartoid wall- auditory tube, canal for tensor tympani
lat/membranous wall- tympanic mem
post/mastoid wall- aditus and antrum, fossa incudis, pyramid for stapedius

Front 60

tympanic membrane

Back 60

pearly gray, thin, transparent
layers
1) modified thin skin 2) mucous membrane 3) inf. fibrous stratus

Front 61

auditory ossicles

Back 61

malleus (hammer)- TM, incus (anvil)- mid, stapes (stirrup) - oval window

Front 62

incudomalleolar jt

Back 62

saddle joint

Front 63

incudosteapedial jt

Back 63

ball and socket joint

Front 64

muscles TM

Back 64

stapedius- dampens vibrations stapes, cn 7, - hyperacusis
tensor tympani- catilaginous, from eustachian, dampens malleus- v3

Front 65

internal ear

Back 65

osseus/bony and membranous lbyinth

Front 66

arterial inner ear

Back 66

int auditory (basilar a)
stylomastoid a (post auricular)

Front 67

venous internal ear

Back 67

internal auditory vein- sup petrosal sinus or transverse

Front 68

pathway sound

Back 68

soundwaves- pinna, eac, strikes TM, ossciless vibrate, pressure in perilymph, moves basilar mem, stimulate hair cells, mgb-temporal l, auditory perception

Front 69

membranous labyrinth

Back 69

endolymph
3 parts
1. utriccle, saccule
2. semicicular ducts
3. cochlear duct/scala media

Front 70

utricle and saccule

Back 70

endolymphatic duct, macula utriculi- static rec, macula sacculi- linear acceleration/deceleration, heads position in space, otoliths- changes in gravity

Front 71

crista ampularis

Back 71

sensory receptors at semicircular ducts for kinetic motion and angular equilibrium

Front 72

cochlear duct

Back 72

ressner's/vestbular membrane
basilar mem, spiral lig, stria vascularis- lining epi of spiral lig, organ of corti, tectorial membrane

Front 73

osseus/bony labryinth

Back 73

perilymph
1) vestibule- central, utricle, saccule, lat wall- festnestra, vestibul/fnestra cochlea
2) semicicular canals (sup, post, lat,) ampulla and ducts
3) cochlea (modiolus (central tube, cupula- apex, spiral lamina, scala vestibuli, tympani, helicotrema (opening at apex)

Front 74

boundaries nose above and below

Back 74

above- nasal bones, frontal maxillae, nasal part frontal bone

below- hyaline carti, lat nasal carti, 2 alar cartilages, 1 septal cart

Front 75

arterial external nose

Back 75

nasal branch (facial)
infraorbital, opthalmic a (ica)

veins accompany (facial vein)

Front 76

lymph ext nose

Back 76

submanibular nodes, superficial partoid group nodes

Front 77

nerve ext nose

Back 77

nasociliary, external nasal and infratrochlear (opthalmic n cn v)
infraorbital (v3)

Front 78

nasal cavity

Back 78

divided by nasal septum- (septal cartilage and vertical plate of ethmoid and vomer)
from nostrils to choanae behind -> nasopharynx

Front 79

nasal vestibule

Back 79

area of nasal cavity lying just inside nostril

Front 80

boundaries nasal cavity

Back 80

roof: narrow, ant by nasal/frontal, middle- plate ethmoid, post- downard sloping body sphenoid, nasal cart
flr: palatine process maxilla (ant 3/4) and horizontal plate palatine bone (post 1/4),
lat wall: sup, middle, inf, nasal conchae or turbinates
med wall: nasal septum- osteocartilaginous
up-veritcal plate ethmoid, post- vomer, ant- septal cartilage

Front 81

mucous membrane of nasal cavity

Back 81

area above sup concha- nerve endings for recpetion smell,
lower- respiratory mucous for large plexus of veins in submucous CT

Front 82

olfactory mucous nasal cavity

Back 82

pseudostratified columnar w/out goblet
-yellow support cells, basal cells, olfactory cells
recpetion olfactory stimuli

Front 83

respiratory mucous of nasal cavity

Back 83

PS ciliated columnar w/ goblet
lower-, fxn_ warm, moisten, clean air, heated by blood in venous plexus

Front 84

arterial nasal caity

Back 84

max a (eca, sphenopalatine a)- anatsomose w/ septal branch sup labial of cn 6 in vestibule, sup labial branch facial a,

Front 85

kiesselbach's area

Back 85

ant part nasal septum anastomes-prone to bleedining

Front 86

venous nasal cavity

Back 86

rich plexus in submucosa (sphenopalatine, facial, opthalmic)

Front 87

lymph nasal cav

Back 87

vestibule- submanidbular nodes, others- deep cervical nodes

Front 88

nerve nasal cavity

Back 88

gen sensation- trigem cn v1, v2
olfaction -cn 1

Front 89

middle meatus

Back 89

below middle concha, has bulla ethmoidalis- swlling formed by middle ehtmoidal iar sinus
hiatus semiluaris- curved opening leads to infundibulum (cont w/ frontal sinus)

Front 90

paranasal sinues

Back 90

air filled cavities lined w/ respiratory epi, lined mucoperiosteum, moved by ciliary action of columnar cells, drained by siphon when blow,fxn : resonating chambers for voice, reduce weight skull
birth- max/ethomoid, 6-7: frontal, sphenoid

Front 91

maxillary sinus

Back 91

antrum highmore, within body maxilla, pryamidal, opens into MIDDLE MEATUS (haitus semilunaris)
bs: sup alveolar, infraorbital (max a)
nerve: ant/middle, post alveolar (v3)

Front 92

boundaries maxillary sinus

Back 92

base: lat wall nose
apex: zygomatic process maxilla
roof: flr orbit
floor- alveolar process

Front 93

frontal sinus

Back 93

2 triagnular in frontal lobe separated by bony septum, extend up and above medial end yebrow and backward, opens into MIDDLE MEATUS (infundibulum)
n: supraorbital n

Front 94

sphenoidal sinus

Back 94

2 cuboidal in shape, opens into SPHENOEHTMOIDAL RECESS
bs: pharngeal branch (max a)
ns: post ethmoidal branch trigemincal cn v)

Front 95

ethmoidal sinus

Back 95

w/in ethmoid b/w nose and orbit, separated from sphenoid by thin- easy infection
ant- INFUNDIBULUM
midd- MIDDLE MEATUS
post- sup meatus
ns: ant/post ethmoidal nerves