Eyes And Ears

Front 1

combining forms for ocular system (eyes) or sight are :

Back 1

opt/i

opt/o

optic/o

ocul/o

ophthalm/o

Front 2

difference between extraocular, intraocular and Periocular ?

Back 2

extraocular: means outside the eyeball

intraocular: means within the eyeball

periocular: means around the eyeball

Hint 2

inside, outside and around

Front 3

accessory structures of an organ are called

Back 3

adnexa

Hint 3

stroma is another term used to describe supporting tissue

Front 4

the adnexa of the eye include :

Back 4

-orbit

-eye muscle

-eye lids

-eye lashes

-conjuctiva

-lacrimal apparatus

Hint 4

6

Front 5

term used that means eye socket

Back 5

periorbita

Front 6

Orbit is

Back 6

bony cavity of the skull that contains the eyeball

Front 7

eye muscle is

Back 7

7 major muscles are attached to each eye. Muscles of both eyes work together to coordinate movement

Front 8

what does binocular mean

Back 8

both eyes

Front 9

what are the extrinsic muscles

Back 9

6 muscles that attach to the outside of the eyeball to the bone of the orbit

Hint 9

part of the 7 eye muscles

Front 10

what is levator palpebrae muscles

Back 10

muscle that raises the upper eye lid

Hint 10

part of the 7 eye muscles

Front 11

eyelid is + combining form

Back 11

combining form blephar/o

each eye has upper and lower eye lid to protect from injury and excessive light.

Front 12

another term used for eyelid is

Back 12

Palpebra , plural is palpebrae

Front 13

canthus is

Back 13

angle where the upper and lower eyelid meets . combining form

canth/o means corner of the eye

Front 14

medial canthus and lateral canthus

Back 14

medial canthus ( aka inner canthus ), corner of the eye nearest the nose

lateral canthus : ( aka outer canthus) corner of the eye farthest from the nose

Hint 14

2 corners of the eyes

Front 15

tarsal is

Back 15

is the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides stiffness and shape.

Hint 15

combining form tars/o means edge of eyelid or ankle joint

Front 16

meibomian glands are

Back 16

sebaceous glands on the margin on each eyelid

Hint 16

also called tarsal glands

Front 17

eyelashes are also called

Back 17

cilia , they protect the eye from foreign materials

Front 18

conjunctiva is

Back 18

mucous membrane that lines the inside of the eyelid and forms a protective covering the exposed part of the eyeball when eyelids are closed

Front 19

nictitating membrane

Back 19

third eyelid that is translucent or clear. It is used as an extra level of safety for the eye

Hint 19

allows the creature that has it to still see while affording its eyes an additional amount of protection.

Front 20

what is the nictitating membrane also called

Back 20

third eyelid

nictitans

haws

Hint 20

3

Front 21

lacrimal apparatus is

Back 21

structures that produce, store and remove tears

Front 22

lacrimation is

Back 22

condition of normal tear secretion

combining forms: lacrim/o and dacry/o

Hint 22

tears

Front 23

lacrimal canaliculi

Back 23

ducts at the medial canthus that collects tears and drain them into the lacrimal sac

Front 24

lacrimal sac is and also called

Back 24

also called dacryocyst . Enlargement that collects tears at the upper portion of the tear duct

Front 25

nasolacrimal duct is

Back 25

passage way that drains tears into the nose

Hint 25

tear draining

Front 26

dorsal and ventral punctum is

Back 26

dorsal punctum : small spot near upper medial canthus where the nasolacrimal duct begins

ventral punctum : small spot at the lowermedial canthus where the nasolacrimal duct begins

Hint 26

punctum = is a point or a small spot

Front 27

eyeball is

Back 27

globe with multilayered walls :

sclera

choroid

retina

Hint 27

3 layers

Front 28

another term used for eyeball is

Back 28

orb

Front 29

sclera is

Back 29

fibrous outer layer of the eye that maintains the shapeof the eye. also known as the white of the eye

Front 30

combining form for sclera

Back 30

scler/o and also means hard

Front 31

cornea is

Back 31

inner portion of the sclera and transparent. it contains most of the focusing power.

Front 32

innermost , deepest layer of the cornea is

Back 32

descemet's membrane

Front 33

combining forms for cornea are

Back 33

corne/o

kerat/o

Hint 33

2

Front 34

What is Choroid

Back 34

opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains blood vessels and supplies blood to the entire eye

Hint 34

opaque means light cannot go through

Front 35

tapetum lucidum, also called choroid tapetum is

Back 35

brightly colored layer of the choroid

Hint 35

colors

Front 36

tapetum nigrum is

Back 36

black pigmentation layer of the choroid

Hint 36

black part

Front 37

iris is

Back 37

pigmented muscular diaphragm of the choroid that surrounds the pupil

Hint 37

combining form irid/o,

irit/o, ir/i , ir/o

Front 38

pupil is

Back 38

circular opening in the center of the iris

Front 39

what does constriction mean

Back 39

making the opening smaller in the iris to control the amount of light coming in

Front 40

reference used for pupillary constriction

Back 40

miosis

Front 41

dilation means

Back 41

making the opening in the iris bigger to let more light in

Front 42

reference for pupillary dilation is

Back 42

mydriasis

Front 43

ciliary body is

Back 43

thicken extention in the choroid that assist in adjustemnt to the lens

Front 44

retina is

Back 44

nervous tissue layer in the ye that receives images

Hint 44

retin/o

Front 45

rods and cones are

Back 45

rods : cells in the retina that react to light

cones: cells in the retina that react to color

Hint 45

color and light

Front 46

optic disc is

Back 46

also called blind spot , does not contain any rods or cones. region of the eye where nerve endings gather from the retina to form optic nerve

Front 47

anterior segment also know as aqueous chamber is what part of the eye chamber

Back 47

cranial 1/3 of the eyeball and is divided in anterior and posterior chambers

Front 48

anterior chamber is located in what part of the eye

Back 48

eye cavity between the caudal surface of the cornea and the cranial surface of the iris

Front 49

posterior chamber is located is what part of the eye

Back 49

between the caudal surface of the iris and cranial surface of the lens

Front 50

what is the watery fluid that the anterior and posterior chambers fill with

Back 50

aqueous humor , nourishes structures

Front 51

vitreous chamber , also called vitreous humor is what part of the eye

Back 51

caudal 2/3 of the eyeball, soft, clear, jelly like mass that fills the chamber

Front 52

how does vision occur

Back 52

light rays enter through the eye to the cornea , pass through the lens and travels to the retina where image is focused and transmitted to the optic nerve and stimulations are transmitted

Front 53

accomodation

refraction

convergence

acuity

definitions :

Back 53

accomodation : process of eye adjustments for seeing various objects at various distances.

refraction : aka. focusing. process of lens bending to light to help focus

convergence : inward movement of both eyes, effort to maintain single binocular vision as objects approach.

acuity : sharpness and acuteness to vision

Front 54

combining form to ear (auditory ) and sound (acoustic)

Back 54

ear :audit/o + aud/i + ot/o

sound : acoust/o + acous/o

Front 55

ear is divided in 3 parts

Back 55

outer/ external portion

middle portion

inner portion

Front 56

pinna , aka : auricle is

Back 56

external portion of the ear that cathches sound waves and transmits them to the external auditory canal

Hint 56

combining forms : pinn/i

Front 57

external auditory canal

aka : external auditory meatus is

Back 57

external portion of the ear, tube that transmits sound from the pinna to the tympanic membrane (eardrum )

Front 58

combining form for tympanic membrane aka eardrum

Back 58

tympan/o

myring/o

Front 59

middle portion of the ear begins with :

Back 59

eardrum aka tympanic memebrane, it seperates the external portion from the middle portion when sound waves reach it transmits it to the ossicles

Front 60

auditory ossicles are

Back 60

middle portion of the ear ,3 little bonesthat transmit sound and vibration

malleus ( aka hammer )

incus ( aka anvil )

stapes ( stirrup )

Front 61

eustachian tube / auditary tube is

Back 61

middle portion of the ear, follows the auditory ossicles. narrow duct that leads from the middle of the ear to the nasopharynx .

helps equalize pressure with that of the atmosphere

Front 62

oval window

Back 62

located at the base of the stapes, seperates middle and inner portion

Front 63

round window

Back 63

membrane that receives sound waves through fluid after passing through the cochlea

Front 64

tympanic bulla

Back 64

osseous chamber at base of the skull.

Hint 64

bulla = medical term for large vesicle

Front 65

inner ear contains sensory receptors for

Back 65

hearing and balance

Front 66

inner ear consist of 3 spaces in temporal bone assembled in the bony labyrinth wich is

Back 66

maze in the inner ear filled with water like fluid called perilymph

Front 67

a membranous sac is suspended in the perilymph and follows the shape of the bony labyrinth,this membranous labyrinth is filled with thicker fluid called

Back 67

endolymph

Front 68

bony labyrinth is divided into 3 parts :

Back 68

vestibule : adjacent to oval window . contains specialized mechanoreceptors ( stimuli that responds to touch or sound)for balance and position.

semicircular canals: 3 canals: vestibular, tympanic, cochlear. each canal has dilated area called ampulla with sensory cells with hair-like extensions.

cochlea : spiral-shape passage that leads oval window to inner ear.

Front 69

located in the cochlea, is :

Back 69

cochlear duct : membranous tube filled with endolymph which vibrate when sound waves strike it.

organ of corti : spiral organ that receives and relays vibrations and transmits to the cerebral cortex

Front 70

air conduction is

Back 70

sound waves enter the pinna, travel through the external auditory canal and strike the tympanic membrane

Hint 70

pinna

external canal

ear drum

Front 71

bone conduction is

Back 71

as tympanic membrane vibrates it moves the ossicles which conduct sound waves through the middle ear

Hint 71

ear drum

ossicles

Front 72

sensorineural conduction

Back 72

sound vibrations reach inner ear via round window. sound waves displace fluid , stimulation of hair cells in the organ of corti initiates a nerve impulse that is then relayed to the brain

Hint 72

sound waves

round windown

organ of corti

nerves

relay to brain

Front 73

hair-like sacs partially responsible for equilibrium

Back 73

saccule and utricule

Front 74

how does the small stones otoliths help maintain equilibrium in the saccule and utricule

Back 74

press on the hair cells because of gravity and initiate impulse from hair cells to the brain