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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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scotoma
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blind spots form Glaucoma
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Photophobia
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sensitivity to light
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myopia
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impaired far vision, nearsighted
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Presbyopia
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impaired near vision, farsighted, people over 45 yrs old.
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fusion reflex
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keeps eyes parallel.
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Strabismus
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constant malalignment of the eyes
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esotropia
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inward turn of the eyes
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exotropia
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outward turn of the eye
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nystagmus
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shaking mvmnt of the eye
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entropia
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eye lashes in
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extropian
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eye lashes out
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ptosis
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drooping upper eyelid(s)
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hordeolum
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stye, hair follicle infection
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xanthelasma
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raised yelow plaques near the inner canthus
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Exopthalmous
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protrusion of eyeball, poss Grave disease, hyperthyroidism.
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conjunctivitis
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pink eye
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Arcus Senilis
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in elderly, normal, no effect on vision, white arc around limbus.
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miosis
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pinpoint pupils
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Mydriasis
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dialated and fixed pupils
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hyphemia
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injury causes RBC's to accumulate in the lower half of the chamber of the eye
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hypopyon
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inflammatory respones in which WBC's accumulate in the anterior chamber of the eye, cloudiness inthe front of iris.
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Distant Visual Acuity Tests
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Snellen/20 ft
E Chart/20 ft |
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Near Visual Acuity Tests
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Jaeger Reading Card
Rosenbaum Card |
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Visual Fields/Confrontation Test
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Fingers from eight different spots moved in slowly so that the client tests peipheral viewing.
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Corneal Light Reflex Test
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Penlight
Ceiling lights |
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Cover/Uncover Test
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Deviation in alignment
Strabismus constant malalignment of the eyes Esotropia inward turn of the eye Exotropia outward turn of the eye |
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Positions Test/EOMs
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6 cardinal positions
Nystagmus shaking movement of the eye Inner ear disorder, MS, brain lesions, narcotics use |
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Inspection of Eyelids and Eyelashes
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Palpebral fissures
Discharge Inspection of Eyelids and Eyelashes Eyelid closure bilaterally - ptosis Level of eyelid on eye Entropian eye lashes in Extropian eye lashes out Redness Swelling Discharge Lesions |
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Eyeball Position
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Position
Alignment No protruding/sinking African Americans more protruding Exophthalmos protrusion of eyeball hyperthyroidism Sunken - dehydration |
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Bulbar Conjunctiva and Sclera
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Move eyes up and side to side
Clarity Color clear Texture - moist, smooth Yellowish nodules elderly African Americans Sclera with yellow or pigmented freckles Pink eye - conjunctivitis |
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Palpebral Conjunctiva
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Pull down lower eyelid
Patient to look up Avoid pressure on eye Watch contacts |
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Lacrimal Apparatus
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Inspect Puncta
Palpate Gloves Cornea and Lens Shine light from side Look through pupil Arcus Senilis elderly |
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Iris and Pupil
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Shape
Color Size Measure pupils 3-5 mm Iris and Pupil Miosis pinpoint pupils Mydriasis dilated and fixed pupils |
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PERRLA
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Pupils
Equal Round React to Light and Accommodation Direct light response Consensual response place card between eyes Accommodation of Pupils Far/near Convergence |
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Internal Eye Structures
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Ophthalmoscope
Angle 15 degrees Right to Right, Left to Left Thumb on eyebrow Red reflex Optic disc creamy, yellow-orange to pink Size, Color, Shape Physiological cup nerve enters, blood supply Optic discs Larger in Blacks, Asians, Native Americans Smaller in Hispanics and non-Hispanic whites Glaucoma intraocular pressure Interfers with blood supply to optic structures |
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Retinal Vessels
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Number of sets 4
Arterioles Bright red Progressively narrow Light reflex Venules Darker red Larger Progressively narrow AV nicking Hypertension |
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Retinal Background
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Red-orange
Lighter near the disc Light colored spots Exudates from Hypertension or diabetes |
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Anterior Chamber of Eye
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Transparent
Bulging Depressed |
