Eyes 1

Front 1

- the sternal angle between the manubrium and the body of the sternum

Back 1

angle of louis

Front 2

- an imaginary vertical line on the body wall continuing the line of the anterior axillary fold with the upper arm

Back 2

anterior axillary line

Front 3

- the region between the ribs

Back 3

intercostal space (ICS)

Front 4

- the most anterior of the three bones of the sternum, presenting a broad quadrangular shape that narrows caudally at its articulation with the superior end of the body of the sternum. Attached to both the pectoralis major and the sternocleidomastoideus

Back 4

manubrium

Front 5

an imaginary vertical line that passes midway between the anterior and posterior axillary folds

Back 5

midaxillary line (MAL)-

Front 6

- an imaginary line that extends downward over the trunk from the midpoint of the clavicle, dividing each side of the anterior chect into two parts. The left midclavicular line is an important marker in describing the location of various cardiac phenomena, including the point of maximum impulse

Back 6

midclavicular line (MCL)

Front 7

- an imaginary vertical line drawn through the inferior angle of the scapula

Back 7

scapular line

Front 8

- the large notch in the manubrium of sternum. AKA jugular notch of the sternum

Back 8

suprasternal notch

Front 9

- the smallest of three parts of the sternum, articulating with the inferior end of the body of the sternum above and laterally with the seventh rib. Several muscles of the abdominal wall are attached to the xiphoid process including the rectus abdominis.

Back 9

xiphoid process

Front 10

- a large, rounded thorax, as in the inspiratory phase, considered normal in some stocky individuals and certain others who live in high altitude areas and consequently have increased vital capacity. This condition may also be a sign of pulmonary emphysema. AKA emphysematous chest

Back 10

barrel chest

Front 11

- an abnormal condition of the vertical coulm, characterized by increased convexity in the curvature of the thoracic spine as viewed from the side. The spinal sagittal contour ordinarily consists of a lordosis in the lumbar and cervical spinal segments that balances the rounding, or the kyphosis , is in the thoracic segment. Kyphosis describes this expected rounding but also is used to describe the abnormal condition of the vertebral column. It may be caused by rickets or tuberculosis of the spine. Adolescents kyphosis is usually self limiting and often underdiagnosed, but, if the curvature progresses, there may be moderate pain. Conservative treament consists of spine stretching exercises and sleeping without a pillow, with a board under the matress. A modified Milwaukee brace may be used for severe kyphosis, and, rarely, spinal fusion may be required.

Back 11

kyphosis

Front 12

- bent forward, an abnormal anterior concavity of the lumbar part of the back p. 1106

Back 12

lordosis

Front 13

- AKA pigeons breast - a congenital structural defect characterized by a prominent anterior projection of the xiphoid and lower part of the sternum and by a lenghtening of the costal carilages. It may be cause cardiorespiratory complications but rarely warrants surgical correction

Back 13

pectus carinatum

Front 14

- AKA funnel chest - a skeletal abnormality of the chest characterized by a depressed sternum. The deformity may not interfere with breathing, but surgical correction is often recommended for cosmetic reasons

Back 14

pectus excavatum

Front 15

- lateral curvature of the spine, a common abnormality of childhood, expecially in females. Causes include congenital malformations of the spine, poliomyelitis, skeletal dysplasias, spastic paralysis, and unequal leg length. Unequal heights of hips or shoulders may be a sign of the condition. early recognition and orthopedic treatment may prevent progression of the curvature. Treatment includes braces, casts, exercises, and corrective surgery.

Back 15

scoliosis

Front 16

- a breath sound that is not normally heard, such as a crackel, gurgle, rhonchus, or wheeze. It may be superimposed on normal breath sounds

Back 16

adventitous sounds

Front 17

- an absence if spontaneous respiration

Back 17

apnea

Front 18

- a respiratory disorder characterized by recurring episodes of paradoxysmal dyspnea, wheezing on expiration and/or inspiration caused by constriction of the bronchii, coughing, and viscious mucoid bronchial secretions. The episodes may be precipitated by inhalation of allergens or pollutants, infection, cold air, vigorous exercise, or emotional stress. Treatment may include elimination of the causative agent, hypersensitization, aerosol or oral bronchodilators, beta- adrenergic drugs, methylxanthines, cromolyn, leukotriene inhibitors, and short- or long term use of corticosteroids. sedatives and cough suppressants may be contraindicated.

Back 18

asthma

Front 19

- an abnormal condition characterized by the collapse of alveoli, preventing the respiratory exchange of carbon dioxide and oxygen in a part of the lungs. Symptoms may include dimished breath sounds or aspiratoru crackles, a mediastinal shift toward the side of the collapse, fever, and increasinfg dyspnea. As the remaining portions of the lungs eventually hyperinflate, oxygen saturation of the blood is often nearly normal. The condition may be caused by obstruction of the major airways and bronchioles, by compression of the lung as a result of fluid or air in the pleural spac, or by pressure from a tumor inside the lung. Loss of functional lung tissue may be secondarily cause increased heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate. Secretions retained in the collapsed alveoli are rich in nutrients for bacterial growth, a condition often leading to stasis pneumonia in critically ill patients.

Back 19

atelactasis

Front 20

is the angle beneath the the sternum. It is created by the costal cartilage that joins what are called the false ribs, the ones tha6t do not directly attach to the sternum via their own cartilage, but attach directly and indirectly to the cartilage of the 7th rib. This angle is created because these false ribs get shorter as they go down. Since they are connected by the descending costal cartilage which travels laterally and inferiorly from the sternum, it creates the angle known as the costal angle

Back 20

The costal angle

Front 21

sometimes referred to as the costal arch, is the medial margin formed by the false ribs -- specifically, from the seventh rib to the tenth rib.

Back 21

costal margin

Front 22

thick and rough, is formed by the union of the vertebral and axillary borders; its dorsal surface affords attachment to the Teres major and frequently to a few fibers of the Latissimus dorsi

Back 22

inferior angle of scapula

Front 23

On the front of the thorax, one of the most important vertical lines is the midsternal line, the middle line of the sternum.

It can be interpreted as a component of the median plane

Back 23

midsternal line

Front 24

: [TA] a vertical line extending inferiorly from the posterior axillary fold. SYN: linea axillaris posterior [TA], linea postaxillaris, postaxillary line

Back 24

Posterior axillary line

Front 25

The prominent knobs of bone at the costochondral joints of rickets patients are known as a rachitic rosary or beading of the ribs. The knobs create the appearance of large beads under the skin of the rib cage, hence the name by analogy with the beads of a rosary.

Back 25

rachitic rosary