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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Immediate referral for eye conditions
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-Blunt trauma
-Eye pain -Embedded foreign particles -Ocular abrasion -Chemical exposure -Purulent discharge -Severe photophobia -Drastic changes in vision -History of contact lenses wear -Thermal injury -Symptoms persist for more than 72 hours |
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Risk factors for dry eye
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-Elderly
-Female > male -Environmental conditions -Contact lense use -Medications - antihistamines, decongestants, antihypertensives, antidepressants |
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Opthalmic Vehicles/Lubricants
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-carboxymethylcellulose (CMC)
-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) -Polyvinal alcohol (PVA) -propylene glycol -povidone -glycerin |
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Artifical tear preservatives
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-Benzalkonium chloride
-Benzethonium chloride -Chlorhexidine -Methylparaben -Ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) -Purite -Sodium perborate |
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Nonmedicated ointments
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White petrolatum, mineral oil, lanolin
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nonmedicated gels
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substituted cellulose ethers (HPMC and CMC)
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Nonpharmacologic treatment for allergic conjunctivitis
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-Allergen avoidance
-Cold compress -Avoid wearing contact lenses -Do not rub eyes -Preventative measures |
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Pharmacologic treatment for AC
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1st line for minor AC: artificial tears --> opthalmic antihistamine/mast cell stabalizer --> opthalmic decongestants +/- antihistamines --> oral antihistamines
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Antihistamine/Mast cell stabalizer
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Ketotifen fumarate 0.025%
-Inhibits mast cell degranulation -Potent H1-antagonist activity -Age >= 3 -Safest and most effective for seasonal and perennial AC |
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opthalmic decongestants
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-Tetrahydrozoline 0.05%
-Naphazoline 0.01 - 0.03% -Oxymetazoline 0.025% -Phenylephrine 0.12% |
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Decongestant Counseling Point
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-Avoid long term use (greater than 3 days)
-Store at R/T -keep out of reach of young children -Cautioned use in HTN, CVD, DM, hyperthyroidism -Contraindicated in angle-closure glaucoma |
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Topical Antihistamines
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-Pheniramine + naphazoline
-Antazoline + naphazoline |
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Oral antihistamines
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-For relief of persistent allergy-related symptoms
-Full effect after multiple days of use -Non-sedating 2nd gen. antihistamines: fexofenadine, loratadine, desloratadine, certizine |
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Viral vs. Bacterial conjunctivitis
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Viral:
-Caused by adenovirus -Highly contagious -Self limiting 7-14 days -Treatment focus on symptomatic relief Bacterial: -Rapid onset -Purulent or greenish-yellow ocular discharge -Requires referral and prescription antibiotic eye drops |
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Viral conjunctivits symptoms
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Conjunctival injection
Pruritus Watery discharge Edema Photophobia Blurred vision "Crusting" of the eyelid Ocular discomfort, foreign sensation in eye Low-grade fever, swollen lymph nodes |
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Viral conjunctivitis treatment
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-Cool compress
-Artificial tears -Ocular decongestants Nonpharmacologic -Infectious precautions -Maintain proper hygiene -Avoid using contact lenses |
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Blepharitis
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Chronic eye condition characterized by eyelid inflammation
Noninfectious or infectious |
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Blepharitis symptoms
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Itching and burning, foreign body sensation
Red, scaly, swollen eyelids Purulent or ocular discharge Temporary loss of eyelashes |
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Blepharitis treatment
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Alleviate acute relief
Control the disorder with good hygiene Warm compress with lid massage -2-4 times per day for 15 to 20 mins Eyelid scrubs -Polyethylene glycol 200 glycerol monotallowate -Homemade diluted shampoo Limit useof eye make-up and avoid using contact lenses |
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Hordeolum vs. Chalazion
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Hordeolum
-Staphyloccocal infection of an eyelid gland -Minor pain, tender, lid-margin redness -Puss accumulation Chalazion -Appearance similar to internal hordeolum -noninfectious, fluid-filled -Non-tender to touch |
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Treatment for Hordeolum and Chalazion
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Warm compresses and gentile massage
-3-4 times a day for 5-10 mins -Nodules that persist after 1 week require referral |
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Treatment for persistent hordeolum
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-External: topic antibiotics
-Internal: oral antibiotics -May require surgery -OTC homeopathic Syte (don't recommend) |
