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77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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sclera
cornea limbus conjuntiva |
components of outer eye layer
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white, opaque
posterior 5/6 of eye |
sclera
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primary light refractor
transparent anterior 1/6 of eye |
cornea
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corneal-scleral junction
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limbus
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choroid
ciliary body ciliary processes iris vascular layer |
components of uvea (middle layer)
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posterior 2/3 of uvea
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choroid
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pigmented-lightproofs eyes, reduces reflection
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iris
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pigmented layer
sensory layer ora serrata optic disc fovea centralis |
components of retina (inner layer)
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sensory layer ends (becomes non-pigmented layer
pigmented and non-pigmented layers continue |
ora serrata
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blind spot
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optic disc
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maximal visual acuity
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fovea centralis
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secondary light refractor
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lens
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extends from ciliary processes and inserts into lens
fibrillin fibers |
zonules (ligaments of Zinn)
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mucous membrane
covers inner eye lid (palpebral) and exposed anterior sclera (bulbar) |
conjuctiva
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b/t cornea and iris
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anterior chamber
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b/t iris and lens
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posterior chamber
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posterior to lens
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vitreous chamber
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aqueous humor
watery, protein rich (ultrafiltrate of blood) |
annterior and posterior chamber contents
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vitreous humor
99% water and 1% GAGS (hyaluronic acid) |
vitreous chamber contents
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surface epithelium
bowman's membrane substantia propria descemet's membrane corneal endothelium |
components of cornea
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statified squamous (non-keratinized) epithelium
continuous w/ bulbar conjuctiva epithelium |
surface epithelium of cornea
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thickened basal lamina
resistant to bacteria doesn't regenerate |
bowman's membrane
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dense, regular CT
constitutes 90% of thickness several layers of crossed collagen fibers fibrocytes present |
substantia propria (stroma)
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basal lamina
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descemet's membrane
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simple squamous epithelium
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corneal endothelium (only endothelium that doesn't line blood vessels)
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pain type nerve endings in epithelium
blink reflex and tears |
corneal innervation
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avascular
nutrients from peripheral vessels and anterior chamber diffuse through matrix CO2 eliminated through epithelium |
cornea nutrition and elimination
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white
dense irrugular CT outer part continuous w/ dura and arachnoid layers of meninges; inner part continuous w/ pia mater |
sclera
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poorly supplied w/ blood vessels
pierced by many larger vessels |
sclera vascularity
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lamina cribosa
limbus canal of Schlemm |
compontents of sclera
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perforations in optic disc allowing passage of fibers forming optic nerve
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lamina cribosa
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trasition b/t cornea and sclera
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limbus
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located at limbus
drains fluid from anterior chamber communicates w/ venous system |
canal of schlemm
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choroid coat
ciliary body and processes iris |
components of uvea
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contains blood vessels for retinal nourishment
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choroid coat
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epichoroid
choriocapillaris |
layers of choroid coat
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outer layer
elastic fibers pigments cells |
epichoroid
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rich in small blood vessels-damage to vessels results in retinal damage
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choriocapillaris
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basement membrane structure
attaches retina to choriocapillaries extends from ora serrata to optic disk |
bruch's membrane
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increase in intraocular pressure
occurs if drainage of aqueous humor is impeded |
glaucoma
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anterior expansion of choroid at level of the lens
contains smooth muscle involved w/ acommodation |
ciliary body
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extensions of ciliary body
contains loose CT |
ciliary processes
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2 layers:
superficial-unpigmented cells deep layer-pigmented cells (melanin) |
uvea epithelial lining
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secreted by ciliary epithelium into posterior chamber
ultrafiltrate of blood passes into anterior chamber enter spaces of Fontana enters canal of Schlemm drained by local veins |
aqueous humor
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anterior extension of ciliary body
anterior-lined by cells continuous w/ corneal epithelium posterior-lined by 2 layers continuous w/ ciliary body and processes |
iris
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loose CT
melanocytes (eye color due to melanin) blood vessels smooth muscles |
core of iris
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circularly arranged
located near pupil parasympathetic innervation |
sphinctor pupillae
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radially arranged
sympathetic innervation |
dilator pupillae
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biconvex shape
high degree of elasticity attached to ciliary processes by zonules (ligaments of Zinn) |
lens
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capsule
subcapsular epithelium fibers |
components of lens
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homogenous material surrounding outermost lens
contains collagen and amorphous glycoproteins |
lens capsule
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single layer of cuboidal cells
only on anterior surface |
subcapsular epithelium
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bulk of lens
highly differentiated cells adhered by gap junctions no nuclei haxagonal in cross section |
lens fibers
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secondary refractor of light
focusing (near and far vision) |
lens function
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ciliary muscle relaxed
tension on zonules lens stretched and at minimum curvature |
object far
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ciliary muscle contracted
tension on zonules reduced lens curvature increased |
object near
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lens opacity
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cataracts
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pupil constricts
curvature of lens increased convergence of eye |
accomodation
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develops from optic vesicle
differentiates into 2 main layers |
retina
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outer pigmented layer
inner non-pigmented sensory layer layers are weakly attached (common site for detachment) |
layers of retina
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photoreceptors
bipolar neurons ganglionic cells |
main group of sensory layer
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rods and cones
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photoreceptors
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diffuse (synapsis w/ multiple photoreceptors)
monosynaptic (synapsis w/ one cone |
bipolar neurons
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axons form optic nerve
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ganglionic cells
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horizontal cells (interneurons)
amacrine cells (interneurons) muller cells (supporting cells) |
accessory group
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pigmented epithelium
rods and cones external limiting membrane external nuclear external plexiform inner nuclear inner plexiform ganglionic cell nerve fibers inner limiting membrane |
retinal layers (10 layers)
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single layer of cuboidal cells
attached to Bruch's membrane basal infolding and mitochondria (for ion transport) tight and intermediate junctions apex contain microvilli apex invests photoreceptors cells involved in phagocytosis of photoreceptor tips synthesize melanin which absorbs light |
layer of pigmented epithelium
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dendritic processes of photoreceptors
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rods and cones
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outer extent of Muller cells
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external limiting membrane
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nuclei of photoreceptors
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external nuclear layer
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area of synapse b/t photoreceptors and bipolar cells
multiple rods synapse w/ one bipolar cell |
external plexiform layer
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nuclei of bipolar, Muller, Amacrine, and horizontal cells
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inner nuclear layer
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area of synapse b/t axons of bipolar cells and dendrites of ganglionic cells
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inner plexiform layer
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cell bodies of ganglionic cells and some glial cells
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ganglionic cell layer
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axons of ganglion cells
at innermost part of retina, axons pass toward optic disc axons contain no myelin or Schwann sheaths will myelinate after passing through lamina cribosa |
layer of nerve fibers
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inner limits of muller cells
basal lamina separate Muller cells from vitreous humor |
inner limiting membrane
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photoreceptors are all cones
site where cornea and lens attempt to focus image ratio of photoreceptors: bipolar cells: ganglion cells is 1:1:1 (200:10:1 elsewhere) |
fovea centralis
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