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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are ther 3 chambers of the eye
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anterior
posterior vitreous |
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what makes up the posterior chamber?
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posterior surface of iris,
lens, zonular fibers ciliary processes |
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what type of fluid is in posterior chamber?
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aqeous humour
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what makes up the anterior chamber?
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between the corneal endothelium and anterior surface of iris
pupillary part of the lens base of ciliary body |
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what type of fluid is found in the anterior chamber?
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aqeous humor
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descrive position of vitreous chamber
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posterior to the lens and anterior to retina
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what type of fluid fills the vitreous chamber
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vitreous humor
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what are the three tunics of the eye
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fibrous tunic
vascular tunic retina |
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what makes up the fibrous tunic?
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sclera
cornea |
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what is found in the vascular tunic?
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iris
ciliary body choroid |
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What makes up the retina?
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pigmented layer
neural layer |
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compare the sclera and the cornea
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sclera - opaque
cornea - transparent |
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what is the junction between the sclera and cornea called?
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limbus
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name the 3 layers of the choroid
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bruch's chamber
choriocappilaris choroidal stroma |
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what are the five layers of the cornea?
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corneal epithelium
bowman's layer (membrane) corneal stroma decemet's membrane corneal endothelium |
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what type of epithelium makes up the corneal epithelium
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non- keritanized stratified squamous
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what type of cells make up the corneal endothelium
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simple cuboidal but sometimes simple squamous
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name some definng characteristics of the cornea
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transparent
avascular immune privilaged - transplanted with little risk of rejection kept moist with tears |
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what does penetrating keratoplasty mean?
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can be transplanted with little fear of rejection
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what type of collagen is found in the bowman's layer of the cornea?
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collagens I and V
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what type of molecules are found in the corneal stroma
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keratocytes
collagen (I, V, VI) proteoglycans |
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what type of collagen is found in decemet's membrane?
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collagen VIII
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Fuch's dystrophy is due to what problem?
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mutation in collagen VIII in decemet's membrane
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which layer of the cornea is responsible for corneal dehydration
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corneal endothelium
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what produces aqeous humor?
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ciliary body
found in both anterior and posterior chamber |
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outline the flow of aqeous humor
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ciliary epithelium
posterior chamber anterior chamber trabecular meshwork canal of schlemm aqeous veins episcleral veins |
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what is normal intraocular pressure
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appx 23mmHg
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what is a glaucoma
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a rise in intraocular pressure caused by blockage of aqeous humor
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what is open angle glaucoma
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trabecular meshwork open but canal of schlemm obstructed
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define closed angle glaucoma
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trabecular meshwork is blocked usually due to inflammation
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what are the two regions of the ciliary body?
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uveal portion
neuroepithelial portion |
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what is the uveal portion of the ciliary body?
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it is the continuation of the choroid
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how are the ciliary muscles attached to the lens?
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by the zonules of Zinn
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name the portions of the neuroepithelial portion of the ciliary body
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outer pigmented epitheila layer
inner nonpigmented epithelial layer |
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what is the inner nonpigmented epithelial layer of the neuropithelial portion of the ciliary body continuous with?
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the retina
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what does the inner nonpigmented epithelial layer of the neuroepithelial portion of the ciliary body secrete?
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aqeous humor
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what type of muscle makes up the ciliary body
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smooth muscle
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name the layers of the lens
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lens capsule- basement membrane
lens epithelium lens fibers |
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what type of tissue makes up the lens epithelium
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simple cuboidal epithelium
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what is found within the lens fibers
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filled with crystallins and filensin
aid with transparency and confomration of the lens |
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what is a cataract
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opacity of the lens due to proteins becoming insoluble
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what can cause a cataract?
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aging
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why can diabetes cause cataracts?
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sorbitol builds up when glucose levels are high
reduces solubility of crystallins |
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name the two muscles that form the iris
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sphincter pupillae
dilator pupillae |
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what does accomodation mean?
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lens rounds to focus nearby objects on retina
lens flattens to focus distant objects on retina |
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what is myopia
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nearsightedness
distant objects are out of focus |
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what is farsightedness?
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hyperopia
close objects out of focus |
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what is normal vision called?
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emmetropia
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describe presbyopia
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farsightedness due to loss of elasticity with age
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name the ten layers of the retina
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not a layer- choroid
pigment epithelium layer of rods and cones outer limiting layer outer nuclear layer outer plexiform layer inner nuclear layer inner plexiform layer ganglion cell layer nerve fiber layer inner limiting layer not a layer - vitreous |
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where is the fovea centralis found?
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temporal side of optic disc
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which area shows highest visual acuity
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fovea centralis
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what surrounds the fovea centralis
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macula lutae
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what is the purpose of carotenoids found in the plexiform layer
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protects the rods and cones
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what is the eyelid covered by?
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conjunctiva and skin
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what skeletal muscles help move the eyelids?
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orbicularis oculi
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what is the tarsus?
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thick CT layer that surrouds the sebaceous glands of the eyelid
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what is the purpose of the lacrimal gland?
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produces tear film
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what is found in the tear film?
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Oxygen
metabolites proteins lysozyme |
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what is the effect of lack of tear film?
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dry eye
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