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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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EXTRA STUFF FOR SPRING MIDTERM: AM - EM
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EXTRA STUFF FOR SPRING MIDTERM: AM - EM
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Name the respiratory obstructive diseases
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COPD (emphasemia, chronic bronchitis), asthma, CF
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Name some respiratory restrictive diseases
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sarcoidosis, kyphosis, spondylosis, pulmonary fibrosis
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If FEV1/FVC is below predicted it is....
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OBSTRUCTIVE
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If FVC is below predicted it is...
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RESTRICTIVE
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What would you see on CXR for COPD and #1 complaint?
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flat diaphragm, large dark space. Dyspnea
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What kind of disease is asthma?
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Inflammatory, constriction.
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What medication can predispose someone to an asthma attack?
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aspirin
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How would you diagnose and treat someone with TB
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Acid fast test, CXR, PPD. Tx with 2+ abx for 2mo min.
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Explain when a PPD test is positive for the following: 1. HIV+ and healthcare workers, 2. child/old and 3. "normal" patient.
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1. >5mm
2. >10mm 3. >15mm |
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How would you differentiate aortic stenosis
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radiates to carotids, murmer is harsh systolic
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How would you differentiate mitral stenosis
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Hx rheumatic fever, dyspnea, pulmonary edema, A-fib, diostolic murmer
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How would you differentiate mitral valve prolapse
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mid-systolic click, often young thin female
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How would you differentiate mitral regurge
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holosystolic or pan systolic murmer
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How would you differentiate aortic regerge
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wide pulse pressure, bounding pulse, diastolic murmer, high pitched blowing
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Discuss endocarditis
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underlying diseases, immunocompromised. Fever, chills
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What is normal BP
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< 120
------ 80 |
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What is prehypertension
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120-139
------- 80-90 |
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What is stage I hypertension
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140-159
------- >100 |
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What is stage II hypertension
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160+
---- 100+ |
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What is malignant hypertension
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severe HTN with rapid course, causing necrosis of arteriolar walls in kidney & retina, hemorrhages. death most frequently due to uremia or rupture of cerebral vessel
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Define stable angina
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chest pain on exersion
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Name 3 types of angina
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1. stable angina
2. unstable angina 3. Prinzmetal's angina |
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What causes angina (not prinzmetals)
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block in a vessel
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What causes prinzmetals angina
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spasm or vaso-constriction of vessels
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Define unstable angina
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chest pain when resting
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What factors can predispose prinzmetals angina
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women less than 50, smoking, cocaine
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How do you treat angina
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aspirin, nitro
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How do you diagnose angina
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1. EKG (elevated ST)
2. cardiac enzymes (troponin, CK-MB) 3. CXR (LV hypertrophy) 4. Echo 5. Stress test |
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What are the 4 target organs affected by chronic uncontrolled HTN
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1. Kidneys
2. Eyes 3. Brain 4. Heart |
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What kind of damage can chronic uncontrolled HTN do to the kidneys
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chronic renal failure
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What kind of damage can chronic uncontrolled HTN do to the eyes
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Affects retina, AV nicking, papilledema, hemorraging, cotton wool spots, etc.
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What kind of damage can chronic uncontrolled HTN do to the brain
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TIA, CVA's
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What kind of damage can chronic uncontrolled HTN do to the heart
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LV hypertrophy, heart failure
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How do you treat HTN
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diuretics, monitor K+, can combine with A,B,C or ACE
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